Düzenli spor yapmanın fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı iyileştirdiği genel bir kabuldür. Fakat Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna sahip bireyler için spor etkinliklerinin yararlarına ilişkin az sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu nitel çalışmada yorumlayıcı betimsel bir yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamıza İstanbul Avrupa Yakası'nda bir özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezine devam eden 10-23 yaş arasında otizmli çocuğu olan yedi gönüllü ebeveyn dahil edildi. Veriler tematik olarak analiz edilmiştir.Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda; spor etkinliklerinin genel olarak otizmli bireylerin hiperaktif, agresif davranışlarını azalttığı, konuşma ve iletişim becerilerinin gelişmesine yardımcı olduğu, göz temasını arttırdığı, eklem esnekliği ve dengeyi arttırdığı, dikkat ve algı artışında iyileşme sağladığı, otizmli bireylerin sosyalleşmesine olumlu katkılar sağladığı belirtilmiştir. Araştırmamızda en sık tercih edilen spor etkinliğinin ise yüzme sporu olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Araştırmamıza katılan otizmli bireyler spor etkinliklerinden fayda görmelerine rağmen düzenli biçimde spor etkinliklerine devam edememişlerdir; bunun en önemli nedeni ise spor imkanlarının erişilebilirliği problemi olarak belirtilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; spor etkinliklerinin, araştırmamızda yer alan Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna sahip bireylerde, genel anlamda fiziksel, ruhsal, davranışsal ve sosyal problemleri aşmalarında olumlu yönde etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca spor etkinlikleri sırasında otizmli bireylerin sosyal ortamlarda ailesi dışında farklı insanlarla karşılaşmalarının da iletişim becerilerinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the development of adjustment disorder in patients who were followed up for Covid-19 infection. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to November 2020. After sample size calculation, we aimed to reach minimum 170 people out of 1290 people who applied to the hospital for Covid-19 disease treatment. Participants were selected from the patients admitted to the hospital using a simple stratified random sampling method. We reached 182 people after treating the patients who were followed up with Covid-19 infection in a University Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. A questionnaire and the Adjustment Disorder New Module-20 scale were applied via phone / mail at the end of the 6th month after Covid-19 related hospital admission by researchers. Results Adjustment disorder was found in 32.3% (n=54) of the patients. While the rate of development of adjustment disorder due to Covid-19-related stress was 26.9 % (n=45); the rate of development of adjustment disorder due to non-Covid-19 stress was found to be 5.4 % (n=9). With the increase in stress load, the development of adjustment disorder increased significantly. The frequency of developing Covid-19-related stress-related adjustment disorder was statistically significantly increased with the duration of exposure to stress. Conclusion We have found out that one out of every four people who apply to the hospital for health care services due to Covid-19 infection may develop an adjustment disorder. Assessment of the adjustment disorder more frequently and making early interventions may contribute to the prevention of progressive mental disorders.
Background: The family medicine residents and final year medical students are challenged with increased workload and they experience various emotions during their clinical trainings. They are confronted with uncertainties in their role descriptions and they witness illness, suffering and deaths as part of their everyday duties which may lead to burnout. Only several studies have focused on these experiences to find out what the family medicine residents and medical students were literally feeling. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the family medicine residents’ and final year medical students’ emotions during their clinical trainings. Method: This qualitative study was performed with 15 family medicine residents and 24 final-year medical students using a convenience sample from two medical faculties to explore and analyze their emotions. Data were gathered by means of focus group interviews, including six interviews conducted and recorded through online meetings. Data were analyzed for themes using a thematic analysis approach. Since the interviews reached saturation in terms of content, the interviews were terminated at the end of sixth focus group meetings. Each interview took an average of 45–60 min. Results: Three main themes emerged from the data regarding residents’ and interns’ emotions. These were the “clinical climate’s role”, “emotions during patient encounters” and “coping strategies with negative emotions”. The most commonly encountered emotions were tension and anxiety followed by frustration and uncertainty. Conclusions: The family medicine residents and final-year medical students are challenged with emotions during their clinical trainings. Therefore, medical educators have to be aware of the need to support them in reflecting their emotions by prioritizing residents’and interns’ well-being.
Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the emotions of medical students during quarantine period, to clarify how they coped with this new situation and to find out whether learning behaviors changed due to pandemic. Participants: Quarantined medical students participating in the distance education program of a medical school during the pandemic. Methods: In this descriptive study we have utilized online questionnaire in gathering the information. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale was also used to find out the emotion spectrum of medical students. Results: In our sample, medical students mostly had negative emotions. The students with high negative affect scores were unable to cope with stress and unable to use emotional regulation strategies which impacted their learning behaviors. Conclusions: The emotions should be explicitly reflected in medical education and the students should be supported in coping with these emotions as part of their professional growth and well-being.
ÖzetCOVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemisi; prevalansı, ciddi klinik sonuçları ve kolay bulaşan bir enfeksiyon olması nedeniyle günümüzün en öncelikli halk sağlığı sorunları arasında bulunmaktadır. Enfeksiyonun kliniği asemptomatik düzeyden çoklu organ yetmezliğine değişiklik göstermektedir. Araştırmalara göre COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirenlerin %17,9-%80,0'inin asemptomatik olgular olduğu bildirilmiştir. Asemptomatik olguların önlem alınmaması halinde COVID-19'u geniş kitlelere bulaştırma potansiyeli üzerine tartışmalar sürmektedir. Ayrıca asemptomatik olgularda hastaların viral yükü, viral bulaşma modelleri ve potansiyel enfektivitesi ile ilgili belirsizlikler mevcuttur. Serolojik testlerle hastalığın immün sistem üzerindeki etkileri izlenebilmektedir fakat enfeksiyonu geçiren bireylerde bağışıklık süresine ilişkin net bir uzlaşma sağlanamamıştır. Bu belirsizliklerin açığa kavuşturulması salgınla mücadele açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu makalede; COVID-19 enfeksiyonunu asemptomatik olarak geçiren olgularla ilgili yapılmış olan araştırmalar derlenerek olguların tespiti, hastalığı bulaştırma düzeyleri, viral yükleri, bulaştırıcılık süreleri ve potansiyel enfektiviteleri ile ilgili konular tartışılmıştır.
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