Background1.7 billion Muslims worldwide obey divine commands of fasting for a month. This may increase the probability of the acute complications of diabetes during the fasting period.Design and methodsWe primarily aimed to compare the incidences and duration of Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admissions during Ramadan compared to the month before (Shaaban) and the month after (Shawal) as well as the average pre-Ramadan six months' admissions. Our secondary objective was to assess the different incidence of DKA between Ramadan and the other months regarding precipitating factors, fasting practices in people admitted with DKA and gender differences.This was a prospective study that included all Muslims who were admitted with DKA to major hospitals in the United Arab Emirates, Sudan, Tunisia and Morocco during the pre-Ramadan month, Ramadan and post-Ramadan month, in addition to the average monthly admissions during the last six months before Ramadan. Demographics, clinical, and laboratory indices were collected and analyzed to assess primary and secondary end points.ResultsOne hundred seventy patients were admitted during the study duration, 56 were admitted during Ramadan and 63 in Shawal. Six months before Ramadan showed an average admission of 56 + 7 per month. All those admitted during Ramadan were people with type1 diabetes. 29.8 % of those admitted during Ramadan did not receive structured education program on diabetes management in Ramadan. Non-compliance to medications represented the commonest cause for admission in the whole study period. Hospital stay was comparable through different months, but the duration of acidosis was longest during Ramadan month.ConclusionIn concordance with DKAR1, DKAR international showed higher rates of DKA during Ramadan when compared to preceding Lunar month (Shaaban). In Shawal, however, the rates of DKA admission were higher than the average monthly DKA admissions. The duration of acidosis was longer in Ramadan group and positively correlated with duration of diabetes. Many patients did not receive structured education about diabetes and fasting Ramadan. Our study calls for formal pre-Ramadan education and enforces the need for advice against fasting in patients who already experienced DKA in the months preceding Ramadan.

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Typhoid fever is a fundamental irresistible illness of worldwide conveyance brought about by Salmonella Typhi. It is perhaps the most well-known bacterial reasons for intense febrile ailment in the creating scene. A complete analysis of typhoid fever is made by hemoculture just as the Widal test. USG is one of the demonstrative devices. The current examination was led to break down the handiness of USG in the determination of typhoid fever. This cross sectional examination was done on 50 pediatric patients matured 5-15 years who were clinically suspected to have typhoid fever. Blood tests of patients exposed to blood culture and Widal test and USG was acted in all patients. out of 50 patients Males were 27 cases and females were 23 cases. Out of 50 patients, 50 cases demonstrated splenomegaly on day 5 which diminished to 39 cases on day 10 and diminished to 29 cases on day 15. Hepatomegaly was available in 20 cases on day 5 at that point diminished to 7 cases on day 10 at that point got negative on day 15. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy was available in 21 cases on day 5 at that point diminished to 11 cases on day 10 at that point diminished to 6 cases on day 15. Acalculus cholecystitis was available in 15 cases on day 5 at that point diminished to 9 cases on tenth day at that point perished to 5 cases on fifteenth day. Gut thickening was in 12 cases on day 5 at that point diminished to 7 cases on day 10 at that point got negative on day 15. USG is one of the solid indicative instruments in recognition of typhoid fever in youngsters. Highlights, for example, hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly, mesentric lymphadenopathy, acalculus cholecystitis and entrail thickening ought to be considered for the analysis of typhoid fever.