Introduction and Aim: This study is to evaluate the levels of paraoxonase-1 and visfatin in diabetic and diabetic with hypothyroidism patients and to discover the relationship of paraoxonase-1 and visfatin levels in these patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 35 subjects in control group (G1), 35 with diabetes (G2), and 35 diabetes with hypothyroidism (G3), aged ranging 25-50 years for all the study groups and BMI with (20.5-25.4) Kg/m2. Serum and whole blood were used for estimating F.B.S., HbA1c%, lipid profile, T4, TSH, paraoxonase-1 and visfatin. Results: The results revealed a significant elevation in F.B.S., HbA1c%, TC, TG, VLDL and LDL in G2 and G3 compared to G1.   The HDL levels showed a significant decrease in G2, G3 compared to G1. Also, showed significant reduction in T4 in G3 compared to G2 and G1. A significant elevation in TSH in G3 compared to G2 and G1 and a significant decrease in paraoxonase-1 but increase in visfatin for G3 more than G2 when compared to G1 were observed. Conclusion:  The study concluded that paraoxonase -1 and visfatin are suggestive reliable markers for the diagnosis of thyroid disorder in diabetics with hypothyroidism depending on their relation with T4 and TSH.

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The COVID 19 pandemic has caused great havoc amongst the people in society across the globe. It has affected people both physically and emotionally. The epicentre of the virus has been attributed to Wuhan, from where it spread in the different parts of the globe. Vaccination emerged as one of the best solutions to deal with the proliferation of the virus. It also helped people to protect themselves against hospitalization and reduced death rates. The researcher has used Secondary sources to gather information and data related to the immunological markers in Covid-19 vaccinated population. A major immune marker is the manufacturing of neutralizing antibodies. However, the further implication in this aspect is still under research by scientists.

Introduction and Aim: Insomnia and anxiety are the most common among the psychiatric disorders. These disorders have been associated to melatonin levels; an endocrine hormone produced by the pineal gland in brain. Melatonin has also been associated to several metabolic processes in the body. In this study we aimed to investigate into the effect of chamomile extract on serum melatonin levels as well as on various other blood parameters.   Materials and Methods: Fifty randomized subjects were orally treated with chamomile extract (15% w/v daily) for 8 weeks. Liver enzymes, urea, creatinine, and lipid profile were measured to see the effect of chamomile extract on the body.   Results: From the results, we found a significant increase in the melatonin levels after treatment with chamomile extract. We also did not observe any rise in the liver enzyme levels, blood urea and serum creatinine. Also we found decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels.   Conclusion: This study suggests that chamomile extract can be a natural and safe nutritional strategy for improving sleep duration and quality and in improving the lipids levels.

Background: Serious intense respiratory disorder Covid-19 is a causing respiratory infection known as Corona virus. This novel corona virus transmits from one human to another and has caused significant mortality overall prompting the continuous pandemic. Also, illness seriousness varies extensively from one person to another. Subjects: fifty individuals (n = 100) with age ranged (20-65 years) were enrolled in this study. Laboratory parameters were performed of baseline and 14 days after first dose and 14 days after second dose from covid-19 vaccination. Results: All people in this study received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and none systematic side effects were observed in vaccinated subjects during the study period. Conclusions: From the results of present study, conclusions could be that all parameters are non-significant and without the appearance of abnormal biochemical signs or increase in coagulation or changes in basic body functions following the received the Pfizer vaccine.