Silencing of the somatic cell-type specific genes is a critical yet poorly understood step in reprogramming. To uncover pathways that maintain cell identity, we performed a reprogramming screen using inhibitors of chromatin factors. Here we identify acetyl-lysine competitive inhibitors targeting the bromodomains of coactivators CBP and EP300 as potent enhancers of reprogramming. These inhibitors accelerate reprogramming, are critical during its early stages and, when combined with DOT1L inhibition, enable efficient derivation of human iPSCs with OCT4 and SOX2. In contrast, catalytic inhibition of CBP/EP300 prevents iPSC formation, suggesting distinct functions for different co-activator domains in reprogramming. CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition decreases somatic-specific gene expression, histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) and chromatin accessibility at target promoters and enhancers. The master Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from the eukaryotic genome play important roles in essential biological processes, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. LncRNAs act both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, mostly in association with chromatin in the nucleus. LncRNAs appear to be important regulators of gene expression, gene regulation and genome stability. This review outlines the major types of plant lncRNAs, their genetic and epigenetic effects with a focus on plant lncRNA instances, and discusses the recent advances in our understanding of their mechanism of action. ARTICLE HISTORY

Five diterpenoids, three steroids, four triterpenoids and one flavonoid were isolated from the roots of Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. (Lamiaceae). Structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The crude extract and the pure compounds were tested for cardiovascular parameters using Wistar Albino rats. The crude extract, and 7-oxo-abieta-9,12,14-triene, ferruginol, stigmast-4-en-3-one showed a vasodepressor effect.

ABSTRACT. Despite the controversy about genetically modified (GM) plants, they are still incrementally cultivated. In recent years, many food and feed products produced by genetic engineering technology have appeared on store shelves. Controlling the production and legal presentation of GM crops are very important for the environment and human health, especially in terms of long-term consumption. In this study, 11 kinds of feed obtained from different regions of Turkey were used for genetic analysis based on foreign gene determination. All samples were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for widely used genetic elements; cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S promoter), and nopaline synthase terminator (T-NOS) sequences for GM plants. After determination of GM plantcontaining samples, nested PCR and conventional PCR analysis were performed to find out whether the samples contained Bt176 or GTS-40-3-2 for maize and soy, respectively. As a result of PCR-based GM plant analysis, all samples were found to be transgenic. Both 35S-and NOS-containing feed samples or potentially Bt176-containing samples, in other words, were analyzed with Bt176 insect resistant cryIAb gene- Genetic modified organism detection in feed samples specific primers via nested PCR. Eventually, none of them were found Bt176-positive. On the other hand, when we applied conventional PCR to the same samples with the herbicide resistance CTP4-EPSPS construct-specific primers for transgenic soy variety GTS-40-3-2, we found that all samples were positive for GTS-40-3-2.