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The possible protective effects of resveratrol (RVT) against cardiotoxicity were investigated in Wistar albino rats treated with saline, saline+doxorubicin (DOX; 20 mg/kg) or RVT (10 mg/kg)+DOX. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded on the 1st week and on the 7th week, while cardiomyopathy was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography before the rats were decapitated. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity resulted in decreased blood pressure and heart rate, but lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and 8-OHdG levels were increased in plasma. Moreover, DOX caused a significant decrease in plasma total antioxidant capacity along with a reduction in cardiac superoxide dismutase, catalase and Na+,K+-ATPase activities and glutathione contents, while malondialdehyde, myelopreoxidase activity and the generation of reactive oxygen species were increased in the cardiac tissue. On the other hand, RVT markedly ameliorated the severity of cardiac dysfunction, while all oxidant responses were prevented; implicating that RVT may be of therapeutic use in preventing oxidative stress due to DOX toxicity.

1. Oxygen free radicals are important components involved in the pathophysiological processes observed during ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). The present study was designed to assess the possible protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on renal I/R injury. 2. Wistar albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Saline or ALA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 15 min prior to ischaemia and immediately before the reperfusion period. At the end of 24 h, rats were decapitated and trunk blood was collected. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured in serum samples, whereas tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and total anti-oxidant capacity (AOC) were assayed in plasma samples. 3. Kidney samples were taken for the determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The formation of reactive oxygen species in renal tissue samples was monitored using a chemiluminescence (CL) technique with luminol and lucigenin probes. Oxidant-induced tissue fibrosis was determined by tissue collagen content and the extent of tissue injury was analysed microscopically. 4. Ischaemia-reperfusion caused a significant increases in blood creatinine, BUN, LDH, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and 8-OHdG, whereas AOC was decreased. In kidney samples from the I/R group, MDA, MPO, collagen and CL levels were found to be increased significantly; however, glutathione levels and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity were decreased. Conversely, ALA treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations induced by I/R. 5. In conclusion, these data suggest that ALA reverses I/R-induced oxidant responses and improves microscopic damage and renal function. Thus, it seems likely that ALA protects kidney tissues by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, balancing the oxidant-anti-oxidant status and regulating the generation of inflammatory mediators.

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