Introduction:The human population is aging at an astonishing rate. The aim of this study is to capture a situation snapshot revealing the proportion of individuals aged 65 years and over among inpatients in healthcare institutions in Turkey and the prevalence and type of infections in this patient group in order to draw a road map. Materials and Methods: Hospitalized patients over 65 years at any of the 62 hospitals in 29 cities across Turkey on February 9, 2017 were included in the study. Web-based SurveyMonkey was used for data recording and evaluation system. Results: Of 17,351 patients 5871 (33.8%) were !65 years old. The mean age was 75.1 AE7.2 years; 3075 (52.4%) patients were male. Infection was reason for admission for 1556 (26.5%) patients. Pneumonia was the most common infection. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR: 2-11 days). The Antibiotic therapy was initiated for 2917 (49.7%) patients at the time of admission, and 23% of the antibiotics prescribed were inappropriate. Healthcare-associated infections developed in 1059 (18%) patients. Urinary catheters were placed in 2388 (40.7%) patients with 7.5% invalid indication. Conclusion:This study used real data to reveal the proportion of elderly patients in hospital admissions. The interventions done, infections developed during hospitalization, length of hospital stay, and excessive drug load emphasize the significant impact on health costs and illustrate the importance of preventive medicine in this group of patients.

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Since the last months of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a brand new coronavirus, catches our attention on our agenda as it harms economic and socio-cultural structures almost all around the world. For the elimination of SARS-CoV-2, there has to be an effective and sufficient immune response that includes innate and adaptive immunity against the virus. Also, this immunity should help us to prevent and control the infection. However, there are some complications about our body's response to this virus: Hyperactivation of the immune response can cause tissue damage and organ failures. On the other hand, immunodeficiency is one of the major obstacles to the elimination of the virus. Type I IFN response is essential for COVID-19 disease. Some of the SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is caused by delay, deficiency, or inhibition of IFN release. The infection can be limited if type I IFN is secreted early and adequately. The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα), neutrophilia, and lymphopenia is associated with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality in patients. Our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunity is still limited. Further clarification of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 disease will guide us in both diagnosis and treatment. It will also shed light on new drugs and vaccine studies. Therefore, extensive researches on the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 are still necessary.

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Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) involving all organs is a disease progressing with a wide range of clinical presentations. It is especially difficult to diagnose cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) due to the a typical course. The cases of EPTB constitute approximately 35% of all TB cases in our country. In our study, it was aimed to examine the distribution rates, diagnostic methods, and treatment processes of EPTB in terms of the involved systems. Material and Method: Of 308 patients diagnosed with TB, 119 cases having EPTB were retrospectively analyzed in The Konya Training and