<p>Background <br />Coconut milk is an essential ingredient of the Indonesian cuisine. In view of its saturated fatty acid content, coconut milk has frequently been blamed as a cause of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine any association between coconut milk intake and vascular disease among adults.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012 on adults aged 25-65 years. Self-reported health and nutritional data were collected by means of questionnaire-based interviews, with the aid of 3-D food models. Medical data comprised blood pressure and anthropometry (waist circumference and body mass index), neurological status, ECG, blood glucose and lipid profile. Data analysis was done using multiple logistic regression. <br /><br />Results<br />A total of 4,187 respondents fullfilled the inclusion criteria. Frequent coconut milk intake (&gt;3 times/week) significantly increased the risk of vascular disease by 1.3-fold compared with infrequent coconut milk intake (&lt;2 times/week) (OR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.60; p=0.002) after controlling for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and stress. The influence of coconut milk intake on vascular disease risk was lower than that of age, gender, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. <br /><br />Conclusion<br />Frequent coconut milk intake increased the risk of vascular disease in adults. Further investigations are needed about the effect of coconut milk intake on noncommunicable diseases. </p>

ROLE OF HDL-CHOLESTEROL ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES MELLITUSMortality in Indonesia which caused by cardiovascular disease showed an enhancing prevalent. One of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease is Dyslipidemia, marked by increasing on total, triglycerides and LDL but decreasing on HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is a good cholesterol that has an important role in prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes mellitus. Two kinds of natural matters have known as elevator for HDL cholesterol are dark chocolate and virgin coconut oil.

No abstract

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has greatly affected the lives of People Living with Non-Communicable Diseases (PLWNCDs), which in Indonesia are known as Orang yang Hidup dengan Penyakit Tidak Menular. Cardiovascular disease and other major NCDs share similar modifiable risk factors, namely lifestyle and metabolic factors. This study aims to determine whether people living with NCDs have the ability to monitor their blood pressure and cholesterol level to maintain healthy metabolism at the beginning of the pandemic. Data were collected using an online survey in September-October 2020 from Bogor cohort NCD study respondents with Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Hypertension, and comorbidity between those NCDs. These data were collected from the study baseline until 2019 (referred to as "old cases"), with additional NCD cases from respondent information in 2020 (referred to as "new cases"). SPSS was used to conduct cross-sectional analyses of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate for descriptive and analytical purposes. Dependent variables in this analysis are nominal variables with three categories. Therefore, logistic multinomial regression analysis is used to conduct the statistical analysis. Over half of the 1460 respondents with at least one NCD stated that they did not do regular blood pressure and cholesterol checks during the pandemic (62%). Only a small percentage of respondents (10.6%) checked their blood pressure and cholesterol at least once a month. This means that for every ten people with cardiovascular disease, only one checked their blood pressure and cholesterol levels during the pandemic. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that NCD survivors with hypertension had the highest odds and did not monitor blood pressure and cholesterol (OR adj = 3.34; 1.833-6.095) compared to non-hypertension NCD survivors.Additionally, people living with NCDs who lack health insurance, have a low level of education and are young (>50 years old) contribute to non-monitoring behaviour. Only one in ten people living with NCDs (CHD, stroke, hypertension, and a combination of the three diseases) monitored their blood pressure and cholesterol regularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who monitor blood

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a non-communicable disease as the main cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and lipid profile with coronary heart disease in adults. This study used secondary data from the Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Cohort Study 2011-2018. The study design was a cohort. The research samples were adults aged 25 years and over in 5 villages in the city of Bogor. The number of samples analyzed was 4415 people. The analysis showed that the incidence of coronary heart disease in the sixth year of observation was 4.5 percent. The results of the Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the systole blood pressure indicator showed as the best under curve area (AUC) among the BMI indicators, waist circumference, lipid profile, and diastolic blood pressure. Measurement of systolic blood pressure can be one of the strong predictors for screening coronary heart disease. Efforts to maintain blood pressure to remain normal as a preventive measure to prevent coronary heart diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh, lingkar perut, tekanan darah, dan profil lipid dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular 2011-2018. Desain penelitian adalah kohor. Sampel penelitian adalah orang dewasa berumur 25 tahun ke atas di lima kelurahan di Kota Bogor. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis 4415 orang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan insiden penyakit jantung koroner pada pengamatan tahun keenam sebesar 4,5 persen. Dari hasil analisis Cox regresi dan kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) menunjukkan bahwa indikator tekanan darah sistole menunjukkan area under curve (AUC) yang paling baik di antara indikator IMT, lingkar perut, profil lipid, dan tekanan darah diastole. Pengukuran tekanan darah sistole bisa menjadi salah satu upaya dini screening untuk penyakit jantung koroner. Upaya untuk mempertahankan tekanan darah agar tetap normal sebagai usaha pencegahan untuk penyakit jantung koroner. [Penel Gizi Makan 2020, 43(1):21-28]