Background: Folate is a naturally occurring B vitamin, is needed in the brain for the synthesis of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Thus, previous researches suggested that folate levels play an important role in the etiology and course of depression. However, the literature has been inconsistent regarding differences in folate level between individuals with and without depression. The present metaanalysis synthesized the results of previous studies to examine whether individuals with depression had lower levels of folate than individuals without depression. Aim of the Study: to assess the relationship between Depression and Folate deficiency. Methods: A review of the scientific literature (PubMed Search 1994 to 2017) Pubmed, Embase and CENTRAL were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated The Correlation between Depression and Folate Deficiency as the primary outcome. Identification of papers and data extraction was performed by two independent researchers. We searched for relevant trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), the Transfusion Evidence Library (from 1980), and ongoing trial databases; all searches current to October 2017. Results: 8 studies were included enrolling 173000 participants; 1813 patients with depression and 15487 control subjects. Pooling of all estimates showed a significant correlation between folate status and depression (OR pooled unadjusted = 1.41; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.82), (OR pooled adjusted = 1.39; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76). Conclusion: Low folate and B12 serum levels seem to be associated with depression Folate has been linked to depression and there is a strong body of evidence suggesting the introduction of folate supplement in the prevention and treatment of depression at the population and individual levels.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the main risk factor for cardiovascular complications. Therefore, intensified insulin therapy might be needed to achieve better glycemic control in some patients. However, insulin therapy might lead to increase body weight and induce hypoglycemia. Increase body weight is directly correlated to insulin resistance, the main factor for cardiovascular risk.  Objective: To assess the effectiveness of adding SGLT2 inhibitors to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.  Methods: We searched in the PubMed database looking for relevant articles on the topic. We used Mesh words search, including SGLT2 inhibitor, sotagliflozin, type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin treatment.  Conclusion: Adding oral antidiabetic agents, such as SGLT2 or dual SGLT inhibitors to insulin regimen might be beneficial in improving insulin resistance. Thus, it achieved better insulin resistance by decrease daily insulin requirements and bodyweight control, leading to better cardiovascular outcomes among Type-1 diabetes patients.

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X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare genetic disorder of peroxisomal metabolism and is one of the causes of primary adrenal insufficiency. X-ALD is also associated with various neurological manifestations, however the endocrine features may precede neurological symptoms. As it is rare to have two endocrinological conditions with X-ALD, here we present a unique case of a child with confirmed X-ALD and concurrent Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).