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Background: There are several elements to consider when determining the optimal procedure for restoring teeth that have undergone endodontic treatment, including the choice and requirement of a post, the kind of coronal restoration, how much coronal structure is still there, and the kind of cementing agent. The ideal restoration procedure for teeth that have undergone endodontic treatment is yet unknown. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the restorative material choices and factors that affect the decision-making on endodontically treated teeth (ETT) among dental professionals and students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Studies that evaluated the choice or preference of dental professionals for restorative materials for teeth that had undergone endodontic treatment were chosen from surveys that were published between 2012 and 2022 in English. Selected keyword searches were conducted in the Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The data (theme-related questions and response rates for each survey question) were extracted using a standardized outline, and the likelihood of bias was evaluated. The information gathered was subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: There were 11 articles in total, encompassing 2192 respondents. The response rates ranged from 30% to 98%. The study population consisted of general dental practitioners (n = 1018), followed by dental students (n = 598), specialists (n = 475), and 101 dental surgeons. The years of experience range from 1 to > 30 years, with the majority claiming to have fewer than 10 years. Moreover, 55% of the studies preferred prefabricated posts, such as fiber posts following metal posts. Most of the respondents preferred resin-based cementing agents (22% to 82%). Over 60% of respondents chose composite resin over amalgam as the material for the core foundation Conclusion: The study results from Saudi Arabian data showed that dentists favored using prefabricated posts, such as fiber and metal-based posts, to restore ETTs and resin-based cementing agents. The preferred material for the core foundation built for ETT by regular dentists, specialists, and students is regarded as composite. The amount of coronal tooth structure that is still present is crucial when choosing the post type and restorative material.

Background: The incidence and mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is rising globally in the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) era due to resource allocation and the deviation of global attention towards the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to assess and evaluate the current knowledge and attitude towards PTB among the residents of Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Riyadh residents using a self-administered online questionnaire. The sample size was calculated as 385. A scoring system was developed to categorize the level of knowledge PTB into poor, good, and excellent. The questionnaire also evaluated the attitude level. Results: Out of 759 participants, the male-female ratio was almost equal, and nearly 80% had a university education level. The participant's scores were 31%, 39%, and 30% for poor, good, and excellent knowledge regarding PTB, respectively. There were significant statistical associations among the score (P= 0.012), the ability to identify PTB signs and symptoms (P= 0.002), and age; also, between the level of education and PTB knowledge (P=0.03). Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge was good, which could be attributed to the age, level of education, and COVID-19 awareness campaigns. There was a lack of knowledge in essential PTB information with an insufficient attitude towards PTB patients. The public needs more positive enforcement and awareness of the disease's basic concepts. Further studies on less-educated groups and older adults are needed for a better assessment.

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a major public health problem and they are frequently managed in primary care centers. Shoulder pain is a frequent musculoskeletal complaint and it can result from intrinsic disorders of the shoulder or referred pain. We present the case of a 24-year-old woman who presented to the family medicine clinic complaining of left shoulder pain for three months duration. The pain was not associated with numbness or weakness. There was no history of preceding trauma. The initial diagnosis was supraspinatus tendinosis. The patient was prescribed oral analgesics and was advised to undergo multiple physiotherapy sessions. Later, the patient presented to the clinic again and reported she did not have any improvement in her symptoms. The patient was referred to the orthopedic clinic for further evaluation and management. The patient underwent a frontal radiograph of the chest which demonstrated a well-defined opacity located in the apex of the left lung. A computed tomography scan of the chest demonstrated the presence of erosion to the vertebral body raising the suspicion for a neurogenic tumor as was later supported by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracotomy with brachial plexus exploration. Complete resection of the tumor was achieved with no complications. The present case highlights those common musculoskeletal complaints, such as shoulder pain, which could indicate underlying non-orthopedic pathology.

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