OBJECTIVE:To study the prevalence of various errors of refraction among the medical students studying at the college of medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.METHODS:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Qassim University clinics over a period of two months. The study population comprised 162 male and female students from different academic years. The students were selected randomly so that around 35-40 students were taken from each academic class. The selected study population was explained the objectives of the study and a written consent form that stated the purpose, methods, risks, benefits, and the assurance of the confidentiality of the data was obtained from each student. After giving the consent, each subject was examined by auto refractometer. The examination was carried out by an optometrist without using cycloplegia. Both right and left eyes were thoroughly examined by auto refractometer and on the average three readings of the refraction measurements were taken. The readings were recorded on a data sheet of every individual, and the Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).RESULTS:One hundred and sixty-two (162) students with a mean age of 22.44 years, Std 1.661 and a range of 8 (19-27) were included in the study. Of the total number, 111 (68.51%) were males and remaining 51 (31.48%) were females. Of the total sample, only 1 (0.617%) student had diabetes mellitus, and 6 (3.70%) students gave a history of previous ocular surgery. Myopia was found to be the commonest error of refraction 53.7% with hyperopia next to it.CONCLUSION:Myopia is found to be a common error of refraction in young adults. A regular checkup is essential to timely correct the error and to prevent deterioration of the vision.

Purpose: To review the management outcomes of black diaphragm intraocular (BDI) lens implantation in Arab patients with aniridia. Methods: Patients with aniridia undergone BDI lens implantation at our institution between 2013 and 2014 were included. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated before and 6 months and yearly after BDI lens implant surgery until the last visit. Intra- and postoperative complications were noted. Results: Our series comprised 14 patients (8 males) with aniridia. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months (25% quartile). Ocular parameters, refractive status, and vison were all significantly improved at the last follow-up compared to the preoperative values ( P < 0.05 for all comparisons). All patients reported a significant decrease in photophobia and glare. Postoperatively, 11 eyes (78%) gained 2 or more lines of UCVA. At the last follow-up, BCVA increased by 2 or more lines in all cases. Early postoperative complications included main wound leakage (one eye) and anterior chamber hyphema (one eye). Late (≥6 months) complications included corneal decompensation (one eye), failed penetrating keratoplasty graft (2 eyes), and subluxation of a scleral fixated BDI lens (one eye). Surgical interventions performed to manage complications included penetrating keratoplasty in 2 eyes with corneal decompensation and failed graft (one each), and re-suturing of a subluxated intraocular lens (one eye). Conclusion: BDI lenses seem to be a safe and effective iris prosthetic with intraocular lens combination surgery for patients with congenital or traumatic aniridia. Periodic evaluation and prompt management of complications are recommended.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThis study is to evaluate the outcome of cataract surgery in patients with refractory uveitis associated with Behçet disease (BD) treated with infliximab.DESIGN AND SETTINGSA retrospective study in a university-based tertiary referral center in the period between July 2003 and November 2011.METHODSThis is a retrospective study of patients with refractory uveitis associated with BD who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery under systemic infliximab therapy between July 2003 and November 2011 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.RESULTSSix patients (9 eyes), 5 of which were male and 1 female, were identified in this study. The mean (SD) age and follow-up period were 26.2 (6.6) years (range, 16–36 years) and 51.6 (28.8) months (range, 12–84 months), respectively. All the patients underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Postoperatively, visual acuity improved in all eyes and was 20/40 or better in 7 eyes (77.8%). In the immediate postoperative period, anterior chamber inflammation ranged from 2+ to 3+ cells. None of the patients developed inflammation relapse postoperatively. The most common postoperative complication was posterior capsular opacification in 5 eyes (55%), 4 of which were managed with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser capsulotomy. Three eyes had glaucoma, 2 of which underwent successful glaucoma surgery and one was managed with topical antiglaucoma medications.CONCLUSIONIn patients with refractory uveitis associated with BD who are treated with infliximab, cataract surgery is safe and has a good prognosis.

We present a unique method of retrocorneal membrane removal with a femtosecond laser (FSL). A 22-year-old male who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty had a retained retrocorneal membrane and a double anterior chamber postoperatively. The membrane was dissected completely with the FSL and the free-floating membrane was removed. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of retained Descemets membrane (DM). There was improvement in uncorrected visual acuity from 20/300 to 20/50. Central corneal endothelial cell count was 810 cells/mm2 preoperatively and 778 cells/mm2 postoperatively. Inadvertent retention of DM may be safely treated with the FSL. Clarity and viability of the existing graft can be maintained.

The aim of the case report is to present refractive error with accommodative insufficiency as a possible postinfectious manifestation of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Three weeks after the COVID-19 infection, a 22-year-old subject presented with blurring of distance and near vision with a frontal headache after prolonged near work. The patient was not using any refractive correction before the COVID-19 infection. This case report describes the diagnosis, management, and treatment of accommodative dysfunction in a patient with a history of COVID-19 infection.