Background: Biological behaviour of Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is aggressiveness than others Odontogenic Cysts (OCs) like Dentigerous Cyst (DCs) and Periapical Cyst/Residual Cysts (RCs). The aim of the study was to determine clinicopathological features and expression of Ki-67 in Odontogenic Cysts of the oral cavity. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at de’Montmorency College of Dentistry (DCD from Feb, 2020 to Feb, 2022 after approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of DCD. A total 78 cases of OCs were collected from hospitals which are affiliated with the DCD. Routine lab process for Hematoxylin & Eosin and Immunohistochemistry was performed. Data entry and statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS 21. A Chi- square test was applied to observe the association between cyst and Ki-67. P value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.     Results: Among total 78 cases the mean age was 25.08 ±14.5 years with an age range of 6-70 years. Most OCs (64.1%) were reported in males than females (35.89%). Most OCs were reported in mandible (56.4%. Ki-67 expression in OKC was high 7.7%, low in 76.9% and negative in 15.4%). Most of the DCs and RCs expressed low expression of Ki-67 (84.6% and 76.9% respectively).   Conclusion: Most of the odontogenic cysts expressed low expression of Ki-67 while few cases of OKC and DC expressed high expression. Keywords: Dentigerous Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst, Immunohistochemistry, Ki-67, Odontogenic Cysts, Periapical Cyst, Radicular Cyst.

Background: Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological features and biological behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of salivary glands and to find out its association with different grades of these tumors. Material and Methods: This descriptive study included 55 cases of MSGTs. Tissue sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Bcl-2 immunostain. MSGTs were graded as low grade (Low grade MEC, ACC, PLGA, and tubular pattern of ADCC), intermediate grade (cribriform pattern of ADCC, and intermediate grade of MEC) and high grade (high grade of MEC and solid pattern of ADCC) tumors on H&E sections. Bcl-2 expression was scored as ‘negative’ (<5% of neoplastic cells), ‘1’ (5-19% of neoplastic cells), ‘2’ (20-49% of neoplastic cells), and ‘3’ (>50% of neoplastic cells), respectively. Results: MSGTs most commonly involved the parotid gland (52.7%), while ADCC (40%) and MEC (38.2%) were the most common tumors. Expression of Bcl-2 was strongly positive in 56.4% cases of MSGTs which included ADCC (71%), MEC (19.4%) and ACC (9.7%), respectively. A significant association was found between Bcl-2 staining and types of MSGTs i.e., MEC, ADCC, ACC (P = .001) as well as between Bcl-2 staining and grades of MSGTs (P = .013). Conclusions: Bcl-2 protein is expressed in malignant salivary gland tumors. Its expression maybe helpful in grading small biopsies, predicting behavior, and planning targeted therapy of MSGTs.  

Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of dental caries (DMFT) in 15 years age children and to determine its association with dietary practices. Methodology: This study was conducted in the schools of Lahore having summer camp in July 2015. Study participants were 15 years old students attending summer camp by simple random technique. Written permission was taken before their examination and interview. Self-structure questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the dietary practices. DMFT index was used to measure dental caries. Data entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Data was assessed by percentage and frequency, descriptive part was used for demographic variables, and for dietary habits. Chi square test of association between dietary practices and dental caries was applied. P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results Total participants were sixty (n=60). Out of these 80% of the subjects of the study were males and remaining were females. Total 58.3% respondents were caries free in this study while caries positive were 41.7 %. Average DMFT score examined was 1.2. In Logistic Regression for the Prediction of Caries Status on Basis of Dietary Habits, three variables were usage of toffees, chocolates and sandwiches. These three played most important role in the production of caries status. Final regression model for calculating probability was Z= -10.665+1.479 Toffees+ 1.183 Chocolates+1.582Sandwiches. Conclusion: Findings of this study have shown that some of the dietary habits have significant relation with caries or tooth decay status like chewing gum, candies, soft drinks, sweets, toffees, chocolates and sandwiches have strong negative impact or relationship with teeth decay.

Background: Periodontitis is a dental public health issue evident by interdental bone loss which can be detected by periapical and Orthopantograph (OPG) radiograph. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare bone loss in diabetic and non-diabetic patients visiting Punjab Dental Hospital (PDH) Lahore. Methods: Bone loss was measured in mesial and distal sites of six teeth i.e. tooth numbers 16, 11, 26, 31, 36, and 46 and a mean score was assigned to each tooth. A score < 2 mm was taken as normal and > 2mm as bone loss from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to interdental bone (Alveolar bone crest). Data was entered into SPSS 22. Variables like age and bone loss were analyzed as mean and SD. A Chi-square test was applied between diabetic, non-diabetic, and independent variables. A p-value of equal to or less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: This study included 101 OPG X-ray, 39 (38.6%) diabetic and 62 (61.4) non-diabetics. The mean age in the diabetic group is 44.2821±6.1 and in non-diabetic individuals it is 31.7581±9.3. Bone loss in diabetics was as high as compared to non-diabetics. Such as in diabetics, tooth no.16’s mean value is 3.8462 as compared to non-diabetics 2.7258. Significant association between bone loss and status of diabetes was observed in all teeth except tooth no. 31. Conclusion: Radiographically, bone loss is more common in diabetic individuals than non-diabetic healthy people. First molars have more bone loss than incisors.