Abstract-Inadequate educational resources, insufficient and unqualified teachers and health care providers, and lack of community involvement, are some of the causes that contribute to the poor state of education and health in rural Bangladesh. This is although, it is well known that, access to quality education and scientific knowledge is essential for creating economic growth and sustainable human development, including poverty alleviation and improvement of human health. In all countries and in the developing countries in particular, there is a need to employ Information and Communication Technology, ICT to gain global access to learning. ICT can address issues of educational equity, social exclusion and can deliver a more effective and accessible educational opportunities. It can also reduce cost of reaching and educating many rural students who are deprived of creative education due to lack of qualified teaching force. In Bangladesh, the education curriculum has been modernized to meet an international standard. For various reasons, qualified teachers are not keen to move to rural areas. The same is true in areas of health sectors where qualified medical doctors are not willing to move to rural areas. Therefore, we find enormous potentials for contribution of e-Learning and eHealth in empowering the rural educators as well as health care providers. A pilot project to test the potentials of eLearning is implemented at a village Nohata in Magura district in Bangladesh (www.nuhat.org). Started in 2006, it has been using ICT tools to communicate, learn, and access international quality educational content. International quality teachers have been conducting teaching using videoconference system. Various relevant e-Learning aids have been developed to meet the local needs and conditions, you tube programmes covering different topics are carefully selected to meet the appropriate requirement of different target groups. The links are downloaded so that the students, the teachers, health workers, patients can follow the links off line, as many times as they want and discuss among themselves. The ICT tools are also being used to improve access to health care; enhance the quality of service delivery; improve the effectiveness of public health and primary care interventions; improve the shortage of health professionals through collaboration and training. ICT tools are offering solutions for emergency medical assistance, long-distance consultation, supervision quality assurance, and education and training for healthcare professionals and providers. The main challenges are to empower the rural people through creating locally relevant content for improving proficiency in English language, Mathematics, Science and Health care application and services considering the sociocultural factors, to achieve health, education and economic development. Through careful selection and creation of relevant e-Learning materials, we intend to develop the rural community using the potential of rural people and adopting participatory appro...

Background: Afferent blockade of nociceptive (pain) impulses by paracetamol can bein effect throughout intraoperative and postoperative period.Objective: To see the effect of preoperative intravenous paracetamol administration in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.Methods: This single blind, randomized, prospective, case-control studywas conducted in Department of Anesthesiology, Square Hospitals, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July and December of 2014. A total of 60 adult patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesiawere enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated equally into two groups – A (cases) and B (controls), through a computerized random table, with 30 patients in each group. Patients of group A (cases) received intravenous paracetamol 10mg/kg (in 100ml of normal saline) 10 minutes before skin incision, while group B (controls) received only 100 ml of normal saline 10 minutes before skin incision. Postoperative pain score, duration of demand of first analgesic after operation and amount of opioid requirement were noted down.Results: The mean age of group A was 39.3±4.3 years and in group B 37.4±4.4 years (P>0.05).The mean pain score after 1 hour of operation was 4.4±0.3 in group A and 4.7±0.3 in group B, which reduced to 2.7±0.3 and 2.9±0.2 after 6 hours, then 1.7±0.2 and 1.8±0.2 after 12 hours and 1.0±0.1 and 1.1±0.2 after 24 hours respectively (P<0.05). Early demand of postoperative analgesic within 10 minutes was observed much less in the group A, compared to group B (P<0.001). The mean amount of pethidine required at 1st hour was 34.8±5.4 mg and 36.6±5.0 mg in group A and group B respectively, which increased up to 77.3±10.7 mg and 92.1±8.5 mg respectively at 6th hour. However, the amount steeply decreased at 12th hour to 29.4±5.4 mg and 28.1±4.7 mg respectively (P<0.001). The total amount of pethidine needed was significantly lower in the group A than that of group B (126.8±14.4 vs. 139.6±9.5 mg; P<0.05).Conclusion: Preoperative load of intravenous paracetamol increases the duration of further analgesic requirement as well as reduces postoperative opioid consumption in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 246-250

Background: Despite the high level of awareness about the importance of post-operative pain management, lot of investigations and study results show an unacceptable high rate of incidence of pain after surgery. Pre- emptive pain control is regional or systemic analgesics, applied before starting the surgical procedure. The effect is achieved by suppressing, central or peripheral nociceptors, either together or separately by sensitization. We studied the effect of intravenous Paracetamol as pre-emptive analgesic in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method: A total number of 60 adult patient with ASA physical status I & II scheduled for Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were randomly enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocacated equally into two groups A and B according to computerized random table, 30 in each group. Patients of Group A (n=30) received I.V Paracetamol 10mg/kg(100ml) 10 min before skin incision and Group B (n=30) received 100 ml of Normal saline 10 min before skin incision. It was a single blind, randomized, prospective, case-control study. Observation and management of pain, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, allergic reaction, amount of opioid requirement and time of analgesic demand after operation were carried out in data collection sheet. Result: The total dose of postoperative opioid needed in Group-A was significantly lower than that in the Group- B(p=0.012). The pain scores were comparatively low in case of group-A than that in Group-B from beginning to 24 hours of evaluation following operation(p=0.027). About one-third (32%) of the patient in each group experienced nausea at 1 hour interval post operatively. However, the complaint of nausea at 6 and 12 hours was much less in the Group-A than that in the Group-B. Vomiting was negligible in either group. Majority (80%) of patient in Group-B demanded analgesic (pethedine) 10 minutes earlier after operation as opposed to only 8% of patients in Group-A (p<0.001). No other side effects were recorded in either of the groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that pre-emptive administration of iv Paracetamol (10mg/kg) in patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ensures an effective postoperative analgesia, increases the time to first analgesic requirement and reduces opioid consumption. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 10, No. 2: July 2019, P 159-163