No abstract

'Cerebral'-refers to the brain. 'Palsy'-can mean weakness or paralysis or lack of muscle control. Therefore, cerebral palsy is a disorder of muscle control which results from some damage to part of the brain. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behaviour, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. Approximately 80% to 90% of children with cerebral palsy have spastic cerebral palsy. The diagnosis of spasticity in children with CP requires a complete physical examination, with ancillary testing as needed. The aim of treatment is to encourage the child to learn to be as independent as possible. Some children who have mild cerebral palsy will not have any problems in achieving independence. For others, it will be a slow process. In some with severe difficulties, considerable assistance from others will always be needed. Specific treatment varies by individual and changes as needed if new issues develop. In general, treatment focuses on ways to maintain or improve a person's quality of life and overall health. The goal of management of cerebral palsy is not to cure or to achieve normalcy but to increase functionality, improve capabilities, and sustain health in terms of locomotion, cognitive development, social interaction, and independence.

Background: Chronic ankle sprain is a widespread musculoskeletal injury affecting functional performance with long-term health cost effects on the quality of an athlete’s life. Manual therapy techniques performed on the ankle joint are an effective intervention that should be part of a complete treatment plan for athletes with an ankle sprain. Objective: To compare the effects of thrust manipulation with non-thrust mobilization on pain in chronic ankle sprain among athletes. Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial conducted at Pakistan Sports Board and Model Town Football Club, Lahore. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data as per the inclusion criteria of the participants aged between 16 to 40 years’ males. Participants were randomized into two groups; Group A received the thrust manipulation group and group B of non-thrust mobilization was given to the rear foot. Each group was given a baseline exercise protocol. The patient completed the foot & ankle ability measure scale being used as the primary outcome measure and 15 points of the Global Rating of Change scale. Using SPSS version 24, baseline characteristics were presented as mean and standard deviation. Between-group comparison using independent samples t-test was done, with a p-value≤0.05 considered significant. Results: The results regarding sociodemographic patients’ characteristics showed that the mean and standard deviation for age and body mass index were found to be 22.50±2.00 and 22.65±1.14 in the thrust manipulation group while 23.37±2.66 and 23.03±1.97 in the non-thrust mobilization group respectively with the statistical difference of p>0.005. The results regarding between-group comparison using an independent sample t-test showed a significant difference at the post-interventional level for both scales in favor of thrust manipulation (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study found that both muscle thrust manipulation and non-thrust mobilization were effective, but the method of thrust manipulation was clinically and statistically more effective in improving functional capacity in athletes with chronic ankle sprain.

The aim of this research is to find out the effects of muscle energy technique with and without functional task training on pain and disability in sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Corona virus (COVID-19) is an airborne contagious respiratory disease. Fatigue is much reported complain by post-COVID patients. COVID-19 had generated stress in a wide variety of patients can be termed as post-traumatic stress disorder. Objective: To find the correlation of chronic fatigue with post-traumatic stress disorder and symptom severity in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: The commencement of this study required the allowance from University of Lahore ethical committee. About 155 participants participated in this cross-sectional study who had been COVID-19 positive for once up till now, which had supportive evidence through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Only those participants got eligible for study who had survived COVID-19 infectious disease. The data were kept secured by negating any biasness. Results: From total of 155 COVID-19 survivors, 75 (48.39%) males and 80 (51.31%) females participated in study. Mean age was 29.32 ± 10.81. About 123 (79.35%) had symptomatic COVID-19. Majority of patients 79 (50.97%) self-categorized them as struggling with moderate symptoms during their quarantine period. About 114 (73.54%) self-perceived they accompanied fatigue after recovering from COVID-19.While 87 (56.13%) COVID-19 survivors had encountered high impact post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of COVID-19 survivors had moderate level of fatigue and high impact post-traumatic stress disorder. This was seen more commonly among females. This is an important finding which needs to be taken into consideration when making a treatment plan for patients