Objective:To compare the adverse fetometernal out come in overweight and normal weight pregnant women.Methods:This comparative cohort study was conducted from 1st October 2010 to 30 September 2012. Total 200 gravid women 100 were overweight and 100 normal weight pregnant women with gestational age for 08-40 weeks were included. Women having BMI (25 – 29.9 Kg/m2) were measured overweight and included in group A and 100 women having normal BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 as controls were in-group B. Chi-square test was applied to compare the proportion of maternal and fetal outcomes. Significant P – value of < 0.05 was considered.Results:The age range was between 30 to 45 years with mean age of 30±4.1 years in both groups.Overweight pregnant women had significantly high frequency of pre-eclampsia (27% versus 9% in controls), PIH (24% versus 8% in controls), gestational diabetes mellitus (22% versus 5% in controls), prolonged labour (4% versus 6% in controls), Caesarean section (44% versus 16% in controls), Wound infection (3% versus 2% in controls) and Postpartum Hemorrhage (5% versus 2% in controls). P-value < 0.001 was considered significance. Fetal complications in overweight pregnant women compared to controls i.e. Still birth (13% versus 2%), Early neonatal death (11% versus 1%), shoulder dystocia (5% versus 1%) and NICU admission (47% versus 10%). Results were statistically significant except shoulder dystocia.Conclusion:We conclude that the result of present study indicates obesity exerts deleterious effect, both on fetal and maternal outcome.

Background: From the beginning till delivery, the embryo relies solely on its mother for all of its nutritional needs. There is a direct link between 25-OHD insufficiency and bad pregnancy outcomes, including preterm and congenital abnormalities. The study's goals were to find out how common deficiencies are among pregnant women at Indus Medical Hospital and to see if there's a link between those deficiencies and pregnancy difficulties. Material and Methods: Over six months, researchers examined the 25(OH)D levels and obstetrical problems, and risk-factors of 90 women. I observed 25-OHD deficiency in 43 pregnant women, according to the results. Results: A total of 90 pregnant women were enrolled, of these, 43 (47.77%) women had vitamin D deficiency. 34 (37.77%) of the females did not ate non-vegetarian foods and 20 (22.22%) ate non-vegetarian meals every other day. Milk intake was likewise low, with 37 (41.11%) drinking it every other day or fewer; the normal serving size of milk was 150 ml. Women below 30 years of age of 23 (53.48%), housewives of 22 (51.16%), and low-income households of 20 (46.51%) showed significantly lower vitamin D levels than women with higher socioeconomic status. Women with low 25(OH)D levels and pregnancies that resulted in over 34 (79.06%) low birth weight babies (<2.5kg) were more likely to experience growth restriction. The baby's growth in utero appears to be being affected by maternal deficiencies. Conclusions: In conclusion, we observed that the frequency of 25(OH)D insufficiency was quite high. keywords: Vitamin d deficiency, antenatal cases, adverse pregnancy outcome

Background: Everywhere in the globe, the issue of teenage pregnancies is a major public health problem. Pregnant girls and their fetuses are at high risk for a range of health difficulties that are hard to overcome, including physical, social, and medical issues. Aim: To find out how teenage pregnancy affects the fetomaternal outcome. Methodology: Retrospective research was done at Indus Medical Collage, Tando Muhammad Khan for six months. A total of 260 pregnant teens were chosen for the study. Researchers looked at data on the prevalence, ages, parities, booking status, levels of education and socioeconomic position, as well as medical conditions, labour issues, delivery methods, and newborn outcomes. Results: There were 260 pregnant adolescent girls in this group. As a result, 5.56 % of adolescent pregnancies occurred. 216 (83.46%) of the 260 adolescent pregnant women were 19 years old, while 43 (16.53 %) were 18 years old. 7 (2.69%) of women had a first-trimester abortion, 3 (1.15%) had a second-trimester abortion, and 2 had an ectopic pregnancy (0.76 5 ). Teen pregnancy problems include preterm labor 52 (20%) and Cephalon Pelvic Disproportion 40 (15.38%) as well as fetal distress 31 (11.92%) and obstructed labor 9 (3.46 %). Neonatal complications in teenage pregnancy preterm babies 56(21.53 %), low birth weight babies<2.5kg 81 (31.15%), 72 (27.69 %) NICU admission, perinatal death 8 (3.07 %). Conclusion: Due to the greater risk of complications during childbirth that is connected with pregnancies in adolescence, mothers and children in the United States may get additional attention from the nation's health care systems. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), stillbirth, preterm Labour, Low Birth Weight, pre-Eclampsia.

Background: Obesity in women is on the rise, which is a serious public health issue. Researchers have shown that these changes have a significant influence on pregnancy outcomes in these women, as confirmed by several studies. Objectives: To examine the relationship of the body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy with the feto-maternal outcome Material Methods: We surveyed 230 women for this study, which was both prospective and cross-sectional. The study covered all pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. At least 16 weeks into the pregnancy, the singleton pregnancy must have a complete medical record to be eligible. Throughout the first trimester, researchers measured and calculated the BMI of pregnant women. Using the formula kg/m2, the body mass index (BMI) of an individual can be calculated. According to the Asian-Pacific cutoff points8, BMI was divided into four categories: underweight ( 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight and obesity (23–26.9 kg/m2), and obese (>25 kg/m2). SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyse all of the data. Results: A total of 230 women were selected in this study. Out of these, 30 (13%) were underweight (less than or equal to 18.5kg/m2), 124 (54%) belonged to normal BMI (>18.5 -24.9 kg/m), while 50 (22%), 21 (9%) and 5 (2%) women were from the overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), obese (30-34.9 kg/m2) and the morbidly obese (> 35 kg/m2) categories respectively. Increasing BMI was associated with an increase in gestational diabetes (GDM) and pre-eclampsia. However, BMI >18.5 kg m2 had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.21 (95 percent CI 0.22, 0.68) for pre-eclamptic syndrome and GDM and appeared to influence the development of these complications. This was a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were more likely to give birth through instrumental delivery, with ORs of 3.4 (95 % CI, 1.1, 22.2) and 3.5, respectively (95 % CI 0.3, 15.8). A severely obese woman was more likely to have a large-gestational-age baby as her weight increased. The odds ratio for underweight women having babies that are smaller than average for their gestational age (SGA) is 5.7 (95 % CI 6.2, 9.2). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, 50% of pregnant women had abnormal BMIs. Several pregnancy issues might arise for women with an abnormally high BMI, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, inducement of labor, and macrosomic newborns with obesity and anemia. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Obesity, fetal outcome, maternal outcome

Objective: To determine the association between hyperandrogenism (HA) and polycystic ovarian morphology in a Chinese cohort of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and the usefulness of anti-Mullerian hormone Methods: Patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Indus Medical College Tando Muhammad Khan between May 2020 and October 2020 were the subjects of a prospective case-control study. According to Rotterdam criteria, 50 females with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 50 females without the condition participated in the study. Results: An teenage patient clinic at our hospital enrolled 100 consecutive patients (50 by PCOS, 50 by healthy controls aged equal to the adolescent patients). Menstrual anomaly and hirsutism were most common in the study group, while vaginal discharge was most common in the control group. Analyses of anthropometric measures between the two groups showed a significant difference (p<0.05). In the PCOS group, both plasma fasting insulin (p-value = 0.001) and HOMA index (p value =0.003) had statistically greater values. PCOS patients also had significantly higher means of fT and 17-OH-P, as well as LH and LH/FSH ratios. Serum AMH levels were found to be negatively correlated with FSH levels in all patients (r=-0.238, p=0.031). The AUC value indicated by ROC analysis for distinguishing PCOS was 0.678. However, the sensitivity and specificity scores according to the highest Youden index were 47.8% and 76.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The Anti-Mullerian hormone level is also linked to the existence of polycystic ovary morphology, which suggests that the AMH level might have a role in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. Keywords: Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Polycystic Ovary Morphology