Knowledge of biological and mechanical properties of native tissues is critical for biomaterial design and synthesis for tissue engineering. So far, selection of biomaterials for dental pulp regeneration has been done randomly or based on experience mainly due to the scarcity of data of biomechanical properties of human dental pulp tissue. This study, for the rst time, characterizes the physical properties of human dental pulp tissue harvested from wisdom teeth, under compression and compared it with PRF and a novel crosslinked PRF (C-PRF) prepared by crosslinking PRF with tannic acid. The results revealed that conventional PRF compressive sterength is very less compared to dental pulp tissue and comparable compressive strength of the novel crosslinked PRF(C-PRF). Taken collectively, crosslinked PRF will better suit for pulp tissue engineering purposes.

Introduction: Failures of root canal treatments may be resulted due to missed canals and ignorance of the clinician about the complex anatomy of the root canal system. One such example of anatomic variation is the middle mesial (MM) canal in mandibular molars. Literature on methods for identifying them is limited. Aim: This in vitro study aimed to assess the occurrence of MM canal with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and then under dental operating microscope (DOM) in the mandibular rst and second molars. A total of 40 extract Materials and Method: ed intact human permanent mandibular rst and second molars were selected. These were subjected to CBCT imaging and magnication under DOM for the detection of MM canals. The percentage of incidence in the detection of MMC was compared between these two methods. The incidence of MM canals detected in mandibular molars using CBCT and Results: DOM was 7.50 and 10 % respectively and the comparison between the two methods was statistically not signicant. Since Conclusions: the incidence of MM canals was higher with the use of DOM, it is preferred to use simpler, chairside aids like magnication and ultrasonic troughing. On the other hand, one should be judicious in preoperative CBCT evaluation in nding accessory canals like MM.

Background: Removal of infected pulp tissue from the coronal portion leads to preservation of a remaining vital and functioning pulp. Preservation of pulp vitality by pulpotomy is one of the universally accepted treatment procedure with the aid of latest bioactive materials leading to a more conservative approach in the management of teeth involving the pulp based on clinical conditions To comparatively evaluate the . Aim: clinical and radiological and histological outcome of platelet-rich brin (PRF) and the novel crosslinked PRF (C-PRF) developed by us as pulpotomy agent in context of tissue engineering in permanent teeth. 20 permanent mol Materials and Methods: ar teeth from 20 healthy patient aged 18-40 years with permanent molar teeth cariously exposed pulps and diagnosed clinically as irreversible pulpitis were selected for the study. Written consent from the patients was taken. The patients were then randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10) . One group received PRF pulpotomy anther group received our novel crosslinked PRF (C-PRF) pulpotomy. In all patients coronal pulp was removed after preparation of the access cavity with rubber dam under Lignocaine 2 % local anaesthesia. After hemostasis, exposed pulps were covered using PRF membrane with Biodentine or C-PRF with Biodentine, and then all teeth were restored with glass-ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was undertaken at 1 day, 3month and 6 months intervals. The results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. After around six months one case of each group third molar teeth was extracted due to positional problem and causation of cheek ulceration. Histological examination of the extracted teeth was done. Statistical Analysis was performed with he Results: lp of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2 EPI INFO is a trademark of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Test of proportion was used to nd the Standard Normal Deviate (Z) to compare the difference proportions. p<0.05 was taken to be statistically signicant. C-PRF could improve the prognosis Conclusion: of pulpotomy procedures of mature permanent

Maxillary and mandibular premolars are one of the most difficult teeth to treat endodontically treat because of the variances in root canal structure. The root canal procedure on these teeth is complicated by morphological anomalies. To correctly treat the entire root canal system in such circumstances, it is crucial to be aware of any potential anatomic variations. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of two clinical cases of three rooted premolars

Background- Whole pulp amputation followed by pulp space disinfection and lling with an articial material causes loss of signicant amount of dentin leaving a non-vital and weakened tooth. Regenerative endodontics with its emerging eld of modern tissue engineering has demonstrated promising results using stem cells associated with scaffolds and responsive molecules. [1] Introduction- PRF was recognized as the “second generation” of this family of biomaterials. [6] PRF being tested in pulp tissue engineering by different research groups showed mixed results. (7,8) Research studies have shown that the interactions between the cells and their niche are closely related to physicochemical properties of the scaffolding materials [9, 10]. As PRF is a fragile gel its physical character needs to be improved by cross linking and thereby more longer period of liberation of its growth factors and delayed disintegration in physiological system. Aims and Objectives- Aim of our study was to prepare a very economical and autologous biomaterial for pulp tissue engineering by crosslinking of PRF with tannic acid. Our objective was to detect cytotoxic effect of tannic acid in PRF. Methods and Materials- We followed Choukroun et al. protocol to prepare PRF samples from whole venous blood collected from donors. PRF samples were then cross-linked in freshly prepared TA solution in dapendish for 10 minutes at room temperature. Concentrations of TA 1 wt% was used for preparing samples. After crosslinking, the gels were washed with normal saline for 5 min. to ensure that all excess TA was removed. The viability of cells cultured on the scaffolds was assessed through MTT assay (EZcountTM MTT cell Assay Kit, HiMedia, Mumbai, India). Observations- Both MTT Assay and Phalloidine staining showed favourable results of no clear cytotoxic effects of C-PRF. Conclusion- Based on the results of the cell viability analysis it can be concluded that none of the tannic acid crosslinked PRF created any clear cytotoxicity in the MC3T3 cells. So, C-PRF can safely be used as scaffold for dental pulp or similar tissue engineering purposes.