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The κ-µ shadowed fading model is a very general fading model as it includes both κ-µ and η-µ as special cases. In this work, we derive the expression for outage probability when the signal-of-interest (SoI) and interferers both experience κ-µ shadowed fading in an interference limited scenario. The derived expression is valid for arbitrary SoI parameters, arbitrary κ and µ parameters for all interferers and any value of the parameter m for the interferers excepting the limiting value of m → ∞. The expression can be expressed in terms of Pochhammer integral where the integrands of integral only contains elementary functions. The outage probability expression is then simplified for various special cases, especially when SoI experiences η-µ or κ-µ fading. Further, the rate expression is derived when the SoI experiences κ-µ shadowed fading with integer values of µ, and interferers experience κ-µ shadowed fading with arbitrary parameters. The rate expression can be expressed in terms of sum of Lauricella's function of the fourth kind. The utility of our results is demonstrated by using the derived expression to study and compare FFR and SFR in the presence of κ-µ shadowed fading. Extensive simulation results are provided and these further validate our theoretical results.

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Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlying cellular networks, allows direct transmission between two devices in each other's proximity that reuse the cellular resource blocks in an effort to increase the network capacity and spectrum efficiency. However, this imposes severe interference that degrades the system's performance. This problem may be circumvented by incorporating fractional frequency reuse (FFR) or soft frequency reuse (SFR) in OFDMA cellular networks. By carefully considering the downlink resource reuse of the D2D links, we propose beneficial frequency allocation schemes, when the macrocell has employed FFR or SFR as its frequency reuse technique. The performance of these schemes is quantified using both analytical and simulation results for characterising both the coverage probability and the capacity of D2D links under the proposed schemes that are benchmarked against the radical Unity Frequency Reuse (UFR) scheme. The impact of the D2D links on the coverage probability of macro-cellular users (CUs) is also quantified, revealing that the CUs performance is only modestly affected under the proposed frequency allocation schemes. Finally, we provide insights concerning the power control design in order to strike a beneficial trade-off between the energy consumption and the performance of D2D links.

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