[2]. There are 6.5 million patients living with HF in Europe [3,4] and 5.1 million in the USA [5]. The most recent European data (ESC-HF pilot study) demonstrate that 12-month all-cause mortality rates for hospitalized and stable/ambulatory HF patients were 17% and 7%, respectively, and the 12-month hospitalization rates were 44% and 32%, respectively [6]. Encouraging selfcare and self-efficacy [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and treating depression [7,12,14,15] have all identified as key factors for lowering mortality rates.Patients with HF are more prone to depression, with a reported prevalence between 9% and 60% [16][17][18], compared with 5% to 10% in the normal population in Europe [19]. The World Health Organization defines depression as a common mental disorder, characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt, low self-worth, disturbed sleep and appetite, tiredness, and poor concentration [20]. Recent results from the OPERA-HF study [21] show that moderate to severe depression is associated with a 5-fold increased risk of allcause mortality in patients with HF. Patients who were not depressed had an 80% lower mortality risk [21].Self-efficacy has been associated with adverse outcomes and has been considered a reasonable proxy for predicting HF hospitalization [22]. Lower baseline self-efficacy is associated with worse cardiac function and increased risk for HF hospitalization. The concept of self-efficacy is based on Bandura's social cognitive theory [13]. The self-efficacy theory of depression focuses on Abstract Background: Although the importance of self-efficacy and depression are mapped out in previous research; there is a lack of clarity about associations between self-efficacy and depression to self-care, and potential implications for nursing care. The purpose of this review was to identify the association between self-efficacy and depression and how it affects self-care in the HF population.

No abstract

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of weed management and biofertilizer on productivity of transplanted rice variety 'MTU-7029 (Swarna)'. Experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 24 treatments, comprising of twelve weed management practices and two nutrient management practices viz. No biofertilizer and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB), replicated thrice. All the herbicidal treatment resulted in significant reduction in total weed dry weight and weed population than weedy check. The higher grain and straw yield was recorded in the plot where pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 50 g/ha was applied. In case of grain yield, it was statistically at par with application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha and weed free check during both the years. The highest net returns and benefit-cost ratio was realized under the application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha and also in biofertilizer applied plot.

No abstract

No abstract