Aim To describe the management of type II dens invaginatus in permanent maxillary lateral incisors. Background Teeth affected by dens invaginatus show a deep infolding of enamel and dentine starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps which may extend deep into the root. Dens invaginatus can be managed conservatively when it does not involve pulp and periodontal ligament. Moreover it may show a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis if left undetected in early stages. Root canal treatment of such teeth is challenging because of the complex pulp space anatomy. Case report In the present case, bilateral occurrence of type II dens invaginatus was detected in maxillary lateral incisors. Following conservative cavity preparation, 12 was restored with an adhesive restoration. However as pulp exposure was observed in 22, it was endodontically treated. Conclusion Class II dens invaginatus without pulpal involvement can be treated successfully by conservative means there by maintaining the vitality of tooth. Early detection and immediate management leads to reduced tooth destruction thereby enhancing the long term prognosis. Clinical significance This case report will aid clinicians in the early detection and conservative management of tooth anomalies like dens invaginatus. How to cite this article Walzade PS, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy VU, Mahajan RP. Management of Bilateral Oehlers’ Type II Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisors. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):125-129.

Aim of the study:To determine the solubility of nanohybrid (NH) composite resins when immersed in saliva substitute and distilled water. Materials and methods:A total of 60 disc-shaped samples (n = 30) were prepared in teflon molds of diameter 10 mm × 2 mm thickness from two NH composite resins. They were light-cured following which the samples were removed and weighed three times using a digital balance. Samples were then immersed in test solutions, i.e., 100 mL of distilled water and saliva substitute each stored for 24 hours and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in an incubator at 37°C at 100% humidity. At the time intervals mentioned, the samples were removed from the incubator, washed with distilled water, blotted dry, and weighed. Samples were again immersed in fresh test solutions. Difference in preweight and postweight of samples was calculated and data were analyzed using appropriate test by testing normality. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results:The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As observed from the baseline weight to the 28th day weight, there was a loss of weight of the samples in all the groups except NH composite resin (Flash) in distilled water. Conclusion:From the results of the study, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in weight, with respect to the solubility of the two NH composite resins and the two solutions tested. Clinical significance of the study is that the NH composite resin that shows lesser solubility can be the choice for an esthetic restorative material in patients for long-term results.

Aim The aim of the article is to compare the effects of three different nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments on the fracture resistance of obturated roots. Materials and methods A total of 100 permanent mandibular premolars were randomly divided into four groups of 25 teeth each and biomechanical preparation was done: group I: stainless steel K-hand files (HFs), group II: ProTaper NiTi instruments (PT), group III: HyFlex CM NiTi instruments (HCM), and group IV: K3XF NiTi instruments. Following root canal preparation, the canals were obturated using lateral condensation. A light body silicone impression material was used to simulate the periodontal ligament (PDL). Fracture resistance was tested in an Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test. Results There was no difference in significance (p < 0.05) among the different groups tested with respect to their fracture resistances. Conclusion The present study concluded that rotary instrumentation could result in an increased chance for dentinal defects as compared with hand instrumentation. Greater taper rotary NiTi instruments do not increase the fracture susceptibility of roots, which in turn depends on various factors other than instrumentation alone. Clinical significance Greater taper achieved by rotary NiTi files during canal preparation facilitates efficient irrigation and complete debridement. Root fracture might occur as a result of microcracks or craze lines that propagate with repeated stress application by occlusal forces and also during canal preparation. Based on the results obtained, it can be decided whether the use of the newer rotary NiTi system contributes to endodontic success and long-term survival of endodontically treated teeth. How to cite this article Shaikh SAH, Shenoy VU, Sumanthini MV, Pawar RB. Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):86-90.