This study aims to determine: (1) Describe the audio visual learning media based on genius learning which is effective for class X students of SMK Tritech Informatika Medan, (2) Describe the results of the development carried out on genius learning-based audio visual media for class X SMK Tritech Informatika students. Medan, (3) Describe the reasons for using audio-visual learning media based on genius learning in developing exposition text learning media. This research is a development research using the Borg & Gall model which aims to develop an audio-visual learning media based on genius learning that will be used as an exposition text learning medium. This learning media will be tested from material experts, design experts, media experts, Indonesian language teachers, and students of SMK Tritech Informatika Medan, consisting of 3 students in individual trials, 9 students in small group trials, and 25 students in field trials. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. (1) The results of validation by material experts with an average of 79% with good criteria, (2) validation results by media experts with an average of 80% with good criteria, (3) validation by instructional media design experts with an average of 82 % with very good criteria, (4) the response of Indonesian language teachers with an average of 86% with very good criteria, (5) the acquisition of individual trial results with an average of 78.5% with good criteria, (6) The acquisition of trial results small group with an average of 79% with good criteria, (7) Acquisition of field trial results with an average of 83.54% with very good criteria, (8) Student learning outcomes before using audio-visual learning media based on genius learning were 66.2 and after using audio-visual learning media based on genius learning with an average score of 78 in the good category. The difference obtained is 11.8. This proves that the genius learning-based audio-visual learning media developed can improve student learning outcomes, thus, this genius-based audio-visual learning media is effectively used in learning exposition text.

This study deals with language shift and language maintenance of intermarriages Chinese families.It aims at finding out the factors make language shift and language maintenance occur, finding out how language shift and language maintain occur and finding out why language shift and language maintain occur.This study was conducted in qualitative method.The sources of data were four intermarriage Chinese families; meanwhile the data was their  utterances.The data was analyzed by using Interactive Model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. To find out what factors affecting language shift and maintenance, the researcher used Holmes’s theory. Based on the data analysis, the first finding shows that there were six factors  affecting language shift and language maintenance occured in intermarriage chinese families namely bilingualism, migration, economic, environment, demographic, and attitude. And as the second finding was that the language shift and language maintenance occured since there are two languages exist in interethnic marriage. The existence of two languages means the competition between two languages. And as the third finding was the reasons why language shift and language maintenance occured are bilingualism in which the man or woman mastered two languages which led to language maintenance, migration in which the women migrate to follow their husband, economic factor dealing with the men and women’s occupations, environment where they lived in homogenous or heterogenous ethnic, demographic factor, and attitude which might be postive or negative. Keywords: language shift, maintenance, intermarriage, qualitative

Haryadi (2015) stated that dialect comes from the Greek word dialectos which matches the dialect. The research was aimed to analyze the similarity of Batak language in Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu Sub- District  Samosir Regency, North Sumatera. The research conducted descriptive qualitative research. The research was conducted by using interview and recording as the technique of collecting data.The data were obtained from the society of Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu Sub- District  Samosir Regency, North Sumatera. The result  of the research showed that Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu have the similarity in Batak language use. There is no the difference of them even though those regions are in different sub-districts.

Language transfer is one of the important areas in second language acquisition research. This study aims to describe the process of transfer L1, Bahasa Indonesia, cognitive skills to L2, English, cognitive skills of dependent scripts. Cognitive skills are the skills that support decoding, such as rapid automatized naming (RAN) and working memory (WM). This research was conducted with descriptive qualitative research design, with case study.  The subjects of the study were 15 students who speak Bahasa as the first language (L1) and learn English as the second language (L2). Bahasa and English are the language which have the same scripts, dependent scripts. The subjects were given the rapid automatized naming (RAN) test and working memory (WM) test. The data of this study was analyzed with two data analysis techniques, they were non-parametric statistics and qualitative data analysis. The finding of this study was that there was no significantly transfer of cognitive skills from L1, Bahasa, to L2, English. It can be seen from the process of transfer RAN and WM as the subskills, that most of the students made different errors both in L1 and L2 RAN and WM, and they have different levels of achievement in L1 and L2 cognitive skills.