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China's military developments and growing naval capabilities are the focus of much discussion among strategists and policy makers. China's moves in this direction are of particular concern because of the implications to maritime security in the region, particularly to countries that have territorial disputes. Its burgeoning military power and growing naval and maritime capability are linked to the country's overall maritime strategy and rising profile in the international arena, raising questions outside the region as to her long-term intentions in the Asia-Pacific region. Of particular interest is China's Anti-access Area-denial (A2/AD) strategy. This paper undertakes an analysis of China's military with specific reference to the A2/AD strategy, and is premised on the belief that the A2/AD strategy is a component of overall Chinese maritime strategy. This paper suggests that People's Liberation Army Navy military capabilities and force developments are inter-related to the evolution of China's maritime strategy, and that China's building onto A2/AD would pose a significant threat to regional security.

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This chapter scrutinizes Malaysia's approach and policies in the South China Sea (SCS), as well as how they are evolving. It examines the rules-based framework and the conduct of parties in promoting maritime cooperation in the SCS. It also highlights how the SCS debate presents a formidable mix of seemingly intractable issues, multi-nation manoeuvrings, and exceptional possibilities. The chapter refers to geo-strategic interests, military expansion, major-power relations, overlapping claims, and rules-based legal orders that dominate maritime matters in the SCS. It discusses multiple interests and multifaceted claims that are further complicated by major external powers seeking to entrench their interests in this vital waterway.