No abstract

Microbial degradation as a treatment, with the combination of mixed inoculants of the Biofertilizer of Pseudomonas sp. , Azo spi rillium sp. and Rhizobium sp. , was employed for the remediation of Silk dyeing effluent. Remediating studies was undertaken to assess the feasibility of the mixed biofertilizer inoculant source for degradation of the Azodye effluent from the Silk dyeing Industry. The Green leafy vegetable (GLV), Amaranthus tristis Linn used as investigational prototypical plant species is selected for examining the phytochemicals, functional groups and its compounds grown in the effluent and biotreated environment and compared. The laboratory scale investigation showed that leaves, stem and root of the Amaranthus tristis Linn was qualitatively analysed for 20 phytochemicals which was grown in the different treatments of raw effluent and the biotreated effluent and the results showed the phytochemicals on the effluent’s influence reduced from strong positive to trace amounts while recovered on the biotreated environment. The FTIR analysis of the GLV grown in effluent and biotreated environments on comparison resulted in the functional group Alkene rescued in the biotreated effluent environment compared to the effluent contaminated area. The HPLC analysis of methanolic extracts of A. tristis grown in fresh water has 6 peaks of retention time of 2.6, 3, 3.9, 4, 4.2, and 4.6 RT whereas GLV effluent had only one peak of retention time of 4.1 RT. In the GLV from biotreated environment have 4 peaks were found with the maximum percentage area of 95.2% which proves that the compounds are rescued in the biotreated environment and few active compounds were confirmed in GCMS analysis. The Soil analysis results also indicate that the biotreatment of mixed inoculant of biofertilizers in the biotreated soil had influence resulting in improved levels of Ca, N, P and K with 114, 213, 10.5, 268 kg/ha respectively in the mixed inoculant biotreated soil. Similarly the micronutrients suchas Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn ranges to 4.1, 20.22, 2.13, 1.13 ppm respectively in the mixed inoculant biotreated soil within the optimal range. The study revealed that mixed biofertilizer inoculant has the recovery effect on the Silk dyeing (Azodyes) effluents effective reducing the pollutant capacity thereby meeting the discharged standards.

In the quest of vaccine/medicine for the Covid-19, a major challenge for the intact community on the Earth, the scientists are eagerly involved in the struggle to achieve a new vision in the field of drug discovery. In meantime, we have also forgotten the usage of preexisting medicinal plants and searching the treasure in the dark. To enlighten on, and to dig the hidden boon, this review paper highlights Salvadora persica, a miracle twig's various medicinal properties and also about major influence against the viral activities and the asymptomatic conditions in Covid-19 patients of miswak users. It also highlights the literature evidence on the isolated chemical metabolites present in the root and stem of the tree which emphasize its beneficial effects against the bacterial and viral load. This review will hopefully encourage the upcoming search to widen their research on miswak in nCoV of Covid-19 patients and the common people need to document for the regular usage of miswak with brushing the teeth, to attain its properties.

Azo dyes are the azo colorants with about 70% dyestuff. Azo dyes persist in the environment for years and are toxic to human life. In the present study, it was attempted to decolorize the selected azodye by three selected biofertilizers: Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens whereas also to prove biofertlizer's degradation property. Initially decolorization of 10% azo dye of silk dyeing effluent was biotreated with above mentioned biofertilizers at 37 °C separately as preliminary studies. It was found that preliminarily decolorization of azo dye with Pseudomonas fluorescens with 85% followed by Azospirillum sp. with 74%. Based on this, the percentage decolorization was evaluated for various concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of azo dye of silk dyeing effluent under static conditions with glucose as carbon source. The percentage decolorization was found to be 91% in 5 days with 25% effluent by Pseudomonas fluorescens reduced to 68% with crude azo dye effluent which had positive influence on the growth of bacterium in the 0.002g glucose as carbon source as growth rate was increased along with decolorization. In contrast the least percentage decolorization was analyzed as 23% in 5 days with 25% effluent by Rhizobium sp. whereas reduced drastically to 11% with 100% effluent. This indicated the dilution is more needed for the better decolorization. The cleavage of azo bond was confirmed through spectral studies such as UV and in HPLC chromatogram of silk dyeing raw industrial bio-treated azo dye Silk dyeing effluent. Microbial growth has utilized and decolorized the dye wastewater shows its biodegradation potential. The high decolorization ability was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens compared to Azospirillum sp., and Rhizobium sp., as biofertilizer to convert toxic azo dyes into nontoxic compounds reducing the contaminants will prove dual purpose of usage of biofertilizers in the environment.

Azo dyes are the azo colorants with about 70% dyestuff. Azo dyes persist in the environment for years and are toxic to human life. In the present study, it was attempted to decolorize the selected azodye by three selected biofertilizers: Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens whereas also to prove biofertlizer's degradation property. Initially decolorization of 10% azo dye of silk dyeing effluent was biotreated with above mentioned biofertilizers at 37 °C separately as preliminary studies. It was found that preliminarily decolorization of azo dye with Pseudomonas fluorescens with 85% followed by Azospirillum sp. with 74%. Based on this, the percentage decolorization was evaluated for various concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of azo dye of silk dyeing effluent under static conditions with glucose as carbon source. The percentage decolorization was found to be 91% in 5 days with 25% effluent by Pseudomonas fluorescens reduced to 68% with crude azo dye effluent which had positive influence on the growth of bacterium in the 0.002g glucose as carbon source as growth rate was increased along with decolorization. In contrast the least percentage decolorization was analyzed as 23% in 5 days with 25% effluent by Rhizobium sp. whereas reduced drastically to 11% with 100% effluent. This indicated the dilution is more needed for the better decolorization. The cleavage of azo bond was confirmed through spectral studies such as UV and in HPLC chromatogram of silk dyeing raw industrial bio-treated azo dye Silk dyeing effluent. Microbial growth has utilized and decolorized the dye wastewater shows its biodegradation potential. The high decolorization ability was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens compared to Azospirillum sp., and Rhizobium sp., as biofertilizer to convert toxic azo dyes into nontoxic compounds reducing the contaminants will prove dual purpose of usage of biofertilizers in the environment.