Background: Chest radiograph interpretation can be aided by knowing the patient'sage. Patients’ age is often assessed by radiologists from costal cartilage calcification assessment ofchest radiographs with anteroposterior views. Objectives: Therefore, we performed this research todetermine the precision of these radiologists in age estimation from CXRs. Methods: Ten radiologyexperts were selected to evaluate 3500 chest digital radiography with posterior-anterior images, inNational Institute of Child Health Karachi/JSMU from January 2022 to 2023. The most importantinclusion criteria were selecting normal or nearly normal radiographs in the study. Radiologists wereblind to patients actual age and were requested to determine patient’s age to closest decade from CXR.The respondents entered their responses in separate Excel spreadsheets. Results: A sum of 3,500CXRs was interpreted by radiologists, out of which 32.14% CXRs were correctly interpreteddetermining age at SD + 3 years, whereas 2375 CXRs were either overrated or underestimated(p<0.05) and misinterpreted the age of patients (2375/3500; 67.85%). Conclusion: Overall ageassessment from a frontal CXR was only 32.14% in our study; considerable disparities were identifiedin age estimation using CXRs. Yet, it would be fascinating to expand this academic endeavor throughartificial intelligence tools and possibly improving the precision of patient age prediction from CXR.This approach for determining the age will be useful for screening tests in the prospect.

Background: Stroke is that the world's leading reason for death and major incapacity. Arterial sclerosis is answerable for over half-hour of all ischemic strokes. Plaque morphology has recently been discovered to assist within the prediction of arterial sclerosis clinical behavior and stroke risk. Purpose: The goal of this study was to gauge the frequency and diagnostic exactitude of artery Doppler imaging to detect arterial blood vessel pathology. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar from1st August 2019 to 31st March 2020. A total of 120 patients were randomly selected. The inclusion criteria was having ischemic cerebrovascular stroke. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports. Results: Mean age in this study was 63.07±3.76 years. Mean duration of disease was 1 year ±3.32 months. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound were 89.5, 76.20, 45.5, 93.88 and 76.9% respectively. The areas under the ROC curves ranged between 0.89 and 0.90 for the laboratory A device and between 0.90 and 0.92 for the laboratory B device. In laboratories A and B, the areas under the ROC curves for ICA PSV were 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. Similar effects were observed when occlusion-affected patients were omitted (0.89 to 0.91, laboratory A; 0.90 to 0.93, laboratory B). Despite the fact that the diagnostic accuracy of the two devices was equivalent, two points on the ROC curves corresponding to the same cut point were infrequently near. Practical implication: The study compared the techniques of Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis in patients and measured the best predicted percent angiographic stenosis differed between two vascular laboratories and paved the way for clinicians to focus of the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis by DU. Conclusion: With the advancement in technology, the accuracy of carotid artery stenosis diagnosis has significantly improved over the decades. From measuring the narrowing carotid artery diameter to evaluating the increased velocity field near the obstruction/lesion site, the identification of additional parameters to characterize plaque vulnerability has become more important in the carotid artery. Keywords: Angiography; Carotid artery stenosis; Cerebrovascular ischemia; Doppler ultrasound sensitivity.

Background: The most frequent imaging techniques used by NM departments are skeletal scintigraphy and bone scans. To assess the protective measures and the anticipated radiation hazards, it is crucial to evaluate the patient's doses for the NMC staff. Objectives: Current research intended to evaluate the annual effective doses of radiology department’s staff during bone scans and their health hazards due to radiation. Methods: The study was executed at Nuclear Medical Center, in October 2022 and annual effective dose of radiologists were measured implying the two techniques including 99mTc-MDP TLDs, carrying two dose quantities of Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) and GR-200A TLDs (LiF: Mg, Cu, P). Results: Effective dose of operators was evaluated using 99mTc-MDP TLDs, was found that the mean personal equivalent dosimetry of HP 10 was 0.43 (0.12-0.74) and HP 0.07 was 0.52 (0.11-0.76). Relative strength of residual signal for successive readouts of LiF: Mg, Cu, P chips made had mean GR-200A and Ref. 10 of 0.54+0.23 and 3.10+1.12, respectively. Conclusion: The radiographers in all of the X-ray facilities were well aware of radiation safety and the staff's occupational dosages of HP(0.07) and HP (10) were within the recommended limits.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (MTB) is dangerous bacterial infection primarily affecting lungs and is capable of infecting everyone exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AFB and CXR are useful preliminary investigative tools, but CT scan are invaluable diagnostic tool for establishing a diagnosis and monitoring disease activity. Objectives: To diagnose the lesions of PTB and assess the CT scan findings in AFB-positive patients. Methods: The AFB-positive patients were examined using CT scan to reveal their mediastinal and pulmonary pathological conditions and activities and disease propagation using imaging technology of CT scan. In cases of PTB with lymphadenopathy, 50cc of non-ionic contrast was administered intravenously to examine the low attenuation area. Results: The findings of CT scan regarding micronodules, nodular masses and other foci and lymphadenopathy were scrutinized, and major diagnostic CT scan findings were Centrilobular nodules (97.40%), Parenchymal nodules (84.43%), Paratracheal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (74.85%), air space consolidation and paucity (62.07%), Pulmonary calcification (31.73%), Pleural effusion (29.34%) and Bronchiectasis (12.77%). Conclusions: CT scan is the most sensitive and accurate tool for diagnosis confirmation and disease activity evaluation. In addition, it details the abnormalities and prognosis of organ deformity in PTB patients.