Purpose:To determine the time to euthyroidism and its determinants among thyrotoxicosis patients on anti-thyroid drug attending the medical and ambulatory clinics of South Tigrai General Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2015-2020. Methods: A multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from March 30, 2020, to July 30, 2020, among adult thyrotoxicosis patients who received anti-thyroid medications in the medical and chronic ambulatory clinics of South Tigrai General Hospitals, Ethiopia. Epidata manager version 3.1 software was used for data entry and then exported to STATA version 15 for windows for analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the determinants of time to euthyroidism and the summary measures of the adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% CI were presented, and P-value < 0.05 used to declare the statistical significance. Results: One hundred and seventy-five (51.9%) thyrotoxicosis patients become euthyroid with the median time to euthyroidism of 9 months, IQR (6-12) months, with a total of 5542 person-months of observation. Age greater than 40 years (AHR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.54-0.96), toxic multi-nodular goiter (AHR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.60-0.87), World Health Organization goiter size three (AHR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.54-0.82) and baseline free thyroxin (AHR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.80-0.99) were the independent determinants of delayed time to euthyroidism. Conclusion:The time to euthyroidism was longer than the expected time. High baseline free thyroxin, toxic multinodular goiter, elderly patients, and patients with World Health Organization goiter size three were determinants of delayed time to euthyroidism.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have two to four times increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with those without diabetes. Anti-platelet therapy and lipid lowering therapies have a significant contribution to prevent primary cardiovascular disease to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to assess the use of antiplatelet and lipid lowering agent therapies as primary cardiovascular disease prevention strategies and their determinant factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted among 405 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients selected using a systematic random sampling method. Semi-structured questionnaire and data abstraction format were used for data collection. The data was collected from May 1 – July 30, 2022. The data was entered into Epidata version 3 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 statistical packages. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done for identifying factors associated with use antiplatelet and lipid lowering agent. Statistical significance was declared at 95% confidence interval. Result:Out of 405 study participants, the majority of study participants 301 (74.3%) had low (<10%) 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and moderate risk was 75 (18.5%). Statin was used for 180 (44.4%) of the study participants. While 81mg aspirin was used for 38 participants. About 58.8% using statin appropriately while 89.9% of them using aspirin appropriately. Ages between 65 - 69 years old (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.33- 10.61), taking alcohol (AOR = 0.38, 95%: 0.23 - 0.64), being hypertensive (AOR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.38-3.86) and using two or more glucose lowering agent (AOR = 4.60, 95%CI: 2.72- 7.78) were significantly associated with use of statin. On the other hand, use of more than one glucose lowering agent (AOR = 4.36, 95%CI: 1.64 - 11.61) and being hypertensive (AOR = 3.34, 95%CI: 1.24 - 8.96) were associated with the use of aspirin. Conclusion:The appropriate indication of lipid lowering agent was low. So, this population is at high potential risk for the development cardiovascular disease and predisposed to unwanted medication side effects. Also, aspirin was used for 10% of patients who were scored under high risk, which implicates these populations are at high risks for bleeding and Reye syndrome, despite the low benefit. These results emphasize the necessity of considering the cardiovascular disease risk of the patients and apply an appropriate measure for primary prevention.

Background chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is the most well-known oncologic emergencies and the most common hematologic toxicity of chemotherapy. A few studies have been carried out to assess the incidence and management practice of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Ethiopia. Objective the study was conducted to assess incidence, management, and predictors of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia among adult solid cancer patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH) Methods A hospital-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among adult solid cancer patients attending between January 1, 2017, to February 30, 2021, at the oncology ward of UOGCSH. A structured data abstraction format was used to collect data from patients' medical charts. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.2. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and P-value, < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analysis of variance was used to compare the difference in recovery time of neutropenia between different treatment regimens Results A total of 416 patients were included in the study with a mean age of the patient 50.56 ± 14.4 years. The cumulative incidence of neutropenia was 62.3% (95% CI 57.9–67.1) and 13% of them developed infections. Advanced stage of cancer, poor performance status, patients taking triple treatment modality, lower baseline white blood cell count, elevated lactated dehydrogenase, cisplatin-paclitaxel, doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by four cycles of paclitaxel and patients with two or more comorbidities were found to be predictors for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (P < 0.05). The use of filgrastim has significantly reduced the duration of neutropenia recovery time by 33.28 days (P = 0.0001) as compared to chemotherapy delay. Conclusion The incidence of neutropenia was common in solid cancer and it is multifactorial. Health care professionals should be aware of these risk factors and greater effort is needed to reduce the risk of neutropenia. Filgrastim was the main management for chemotherapy-induced of neutropenia and it was significantly reduced the duration of neutrophil recovery time.