No abstract

Waste potato starch (WPS) was obtained from the food industry during slicing, peeling and washing potatoes in the process of producing potato chips. After it was purified with H 2 O 2 and NaOH at the desired temperature, carboxymethyl potato starch (CMPS), with the DS in the range from 0.04 to 1.24, was synthesized in isopropanol (IPA) and NaOH solution by adding monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Considering all the studied conditions, the best results were achieved when IPA was used as solvent at 45 °C for 180 min and at a NaOH/MCA molar ratio of 2.2:1. CMPS-2, obtained under these conditions, reached a viscosity of 14200 mPa. s (for 2% CMPS in water at 1 rpm) for the highest DS. The samples were investigated by determining their DS and by SEM, FTIR, XRD, NMR and thermal analyses. Moreover, the viscosity of the CMPS aqueous solutions was measured. 100% cotton yarns with different numbers (10/1, 20/1 and 30/1 Ne) were sized with CMPS-29, CMPS-27, CMPS-25 and CMPS-22, and then their tensile strength and elongation at break were measured. The tensile strength of the sized samples increased by 87.65%, compared with that sized with WPS. Also, CMPS with DS 0.04 exhibited considerably better sizing properties, compared to WPS.

ÖZETBu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş'ta bulunan tekstil fabrikalarında atık olarak çıkan ve "klima toz"u (APVD) olarak adlandırılan selüloz içerikli iplik olmaya elverişsiz pamuk lifleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak atık klima tozu musluk suyu ile yığın halinde yıkanarak % 17,5'luk NaOH ile 90 o C'de pişirilmiştir. Bu yığın kurutulmadan NaOH ve H2O2 ile 90 o C'de ağartılmıştır. Sonra elde edilen selüloz NaOH ile soğuk ortamda merserize edilmiştir. Daha sonra selülozunun, propilenoksit (PO) ve metilklorür ile heterojen reaksiyonundan, yüksek (HPMC-H), orta (HPMC-M) ve düşük (HPMC-L) sübsitasyon derecesine sahip üç farklı hidroksipropilmetil selüloz (HPMC) sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen HPMC'lerin yapıları FT-IR ve XRD spektroskopisi ile aydınlatılarak DTA-TG ile termal davranışları, SEM ile yüzey morfolojileri incelenmiştir. HPMC örneklerinin viskoziteleri tayin edilip en yüksek değer 820 cP olarak bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Klima tozu, atık pamuk, hidroksipropilmetil selüloz, DTA-TG. ABSTRACTIn this study, in cotton factories located in Kahramanmaraş, waste cotton fibers which are not suitable for cellulose fiber yarns called "air particle vacuum dust" (APVD) have been evaluated. For this purpose, the waste was firstly washed with tap water and then, boiled at 90 °C with 17.5% NaOH. This batch was bleached at 90 o C by H2O2 in basic solution without drying. The cellulose obtained was then mercerized by NaOH in cold temperature. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose which has three different substitution degree [high (HPMC-H), medium (HPMC-M) and low (HPMC-L)] was then synthesized with propyleneoxide (PO) and methylchloride in the heterogeneous reaction media. The structures of the synthesized HPMCs were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Thermal behaviors of HPMCs were investigated by the DTA-TG method and their surface morphology was analyzed by the SEM method. The viscosities of HPMCs samples were determined and to be the highest 820 cP.