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Previous reports associating raised LH concentrations with reduced fertilization and pregnancy rates in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) have assumed a Gaussian distribution of LH values with IVF treatment. We have determined the serum LH range during ovarian stimulation for I V F with a single regimen of clomiphene citratei hMG from 102 consecutive IVF conception cycles. T h e results show a non-Gaussian distribution of LH values. Application of this LI1 range to a consecutive series of 596 women undergoing IVF treated with this single regimen showed no difference in pregnancy rates, fertilization rates, median number of oocytcs fertilized or retrieved whcn analysed with respect to serum LH concentrations above the 75th o r 95th centile for 3 3 days of an IVF treatment cycle. We conclude that follicularphasc LH concentrations do not predict IVF fertilization rates or clinical outcome and are not clinically useful in individual patient management It has bccn reported that follicular-phase concentrations of serum or urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) can predict fertilization and pregnancy rates in women undergoing ovarian stimulation fur in-vitro fertilization (TVF) (Stanger Rr Yovich 1985; Howles f t al. 15186). It was suggested that both the fertilization rate of mature oocytcs and the subsequent pregnancy rate were reduced in women whose LH con-

Purpose We investigated the clinical results of Japanese men with Y chromosome microdeletions. Methods This study retrospectively examined 2163 azoospermic or severe oligozoospermic patients. We investigated the frequency of azoospermia factor (AZF) deletions and sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by microTESE in patients with these deletions, then analyzed the ICSI outcomes. Results Azoospermia factor deletions were found in 201 patients. SRR was significantly higher than that of the control group (74.0% vs 20.4%, P < .001). Thirty‐three couples underwent ICSI using testicular spermatozoa retrieved by microTESE, and eight couples underwent ICSI using ejaculatory spermatozoa. The fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer cycle were significantly higher in the ejaculatory group than that of the testicular group (66.4% vs 43.7%, P < .001, 53.3% vs 24.7%, P = .03, respectively). When compared with the control group, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in the testicular group with AZFc microdeletions (43.7% vs 53.6%, P < .001). Conclusions Our study highlights that although microTESE in azoospermic men with AZFc microdeletions led to a higher SRR, ICSI outcomes of these men were worse than that of men without AZF deletions, even if testicular spermatozoa were retrieved.

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