Context:Non-resolving pneumonia is often an area of concern for pulmonologists. Fiber optic bronchoscopy (FOB) may have a special role in etiologic evaluation of non-resolving pneumonias. There is paucity of recent studies in this field.Aims:This study aimed to assess the patients of non-resolving or slowly resolving pneumonia with special emphasis on efficacy of FOB and computed tomography (CT)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis.Settings and Design:Prospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care institute over a period of one year.Materials and Methods:After fulfilling the definition of non-resolving pneumonia by clinical and radiological parameters, patients were evaluated by FOB with relevant microbiological, cytological, histopathological investigations and CT scan of thorax. CT-guided FNAC was done in selected cases where FOB was inconclusive.Results:Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 51.33 ± 1.71 years with male to female ratio 2:1. Right lung was more commonly involved (65%), and right upper lobe was the commonest site (25%). Pyogenic infection was the commonest etiology (53.3%), bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis accounted for 26.7% and 16.7% cases, respectively. Both, FOB (85.7%) and CT-guided FNAC (91.67%) were very useful for etiological diagnosis of non-resolving pneumonia. Both the procedures were safe, and no major complication was observed.Conclusions:Because of the high yield of FOB, it is very useful and safe diagnostic tool for evaluation of non-resolving pneumonia. CT-guided FNAC also gives good yield when cases are properly selected.

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Congenital abnormalities of lung are very rare entity, and very often under or misdiagnosed by physicians. The present case, a 12-year boy, who was initially diagnosed as unilateral massive pleural effusion with collapse of lung, and after thorough investigation, including CT scan of thorax, fiber-optic bronchoscopy, and echocardiography, a final diagnosis of unilateral lung hypoplasia was made. So if a teenager present with a unilateral opaque hemithorax in chest X-ray, this entity may be a differential diagnosis.