No abstract

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40:344–348) The most common side effect of subarachnoid (SA) anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD) is hypotension, and the use of serotonin receptor-blocking drugs has been suggested as a possible treatment for this. One receptor antagonist that has been proposed for this use in both obstetric and nonobstetric settings is ondansetron. However, current studies regarding the use of ondansetron are either underpowered or have reported conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine how useful ondansetron actually is in the prevention of hypotension, particularly when it is administered intravenously and prophylactically to women undergoing elective CD.

A cord length over 70 cm is considered long and true knots are a common association with mono-amniotic twins occurring in 0.3% to 1.0% of all pregnancies and have a fetal loss rate of 6%. A 24-yearold, G2P1L1, term, low risk, and booked woman came in labour with leaking per-vaginum and loss of fetal movements for three days. She had an uneventful antenatal period. General physical and systemic examinations were normal. On per abdomen examination, the uterus was term size with a single fetus in cephalic presentation with moderate contractions. Fetal heart sounds were absent. On per vaginal examination, cervix was fully dilated and vertex was at +2 Station. She delivered a 2.5 kg macerated male baby. The cord had two tight true knots and the total length of the cord was 140 cm [Table/ Fig-1]. Multiple areas of calcifications were present in the placenta.Long umbilical cord and true knots are rare, but when present are associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcome. Long cord is associated with increased risk of cord prolapse, entanglement, true knots, and brain imaging abnormalities, fetal anomalies, fetal death and abnormal neurological follow up [1]. True knots have a 6% fetal loss rate. Muppala H et al., described a case with a cord length of 142 cm, 2 double loop true knots, multiple torsions and a loop around baby's neck but the fetal outcome was good [2]. Mian DB et al., described a long cord and sudden antenatal death due to strangulation with multiple loops of nuchal umbilical cord [3].Routine Doppler at term for complete cord assessment may provide us with an antenatal diagnosis and a window for timely intervention thus preventing unfortunate outcomes though this may not be cost effective. knots. REFERENCES

No abstract

No abstract