Caesarean section (c-section) is one of the important risk factor to placenta praevia. There is significant association between placenta praevia and previous c-section pregnancy. It is a leading cause of APH and it affects approximately 0.5% of all labour. This cross sectional type of observational descriptive study based on non- probability technique was done in Faridpur Medical College Hospital from July 2015 - June 2016. A total of 150 pregnant women were studied. Pregnant women with H/O previous c-section once or more beyond 28 weeks gestation were included. Those who were primigravidae or pregnant women without previous c-section were excluded. The data were subjected to chi-square test with SPSS software version 20.0. In our study women with previous c-section were selected; out of which 16 patients (10.67%) were found to have placenta praevia and 134 patients (89.33%) were not found. The mean age of the study subject was 27.25 ± 3.43 years with maximum number of patients having age between 25 to 29 years. Among the study population other placental positions were anterofundal 90(60%) and posterofundal 44 (29.33%). The frequency of placenta praevia out of 16 women who had one c-section was 11 (10%), two c-section was 4 (11.4%) and three c-section was 1 (20%).There was significant association (p-value < 0.05) between number of c-section and placenta praevia. There was found significant relation between placenta praevia and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) in our study.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2017;12(2): 75-77

Abstract:Vitiligo is an acquired, often progressive disorder of hypopigmentation. A lot of research has been conducted during the years yet its exact etiology still remains elusive. As a result even after so many years, there is no ideal treatment for vitiligo. Treatment options such as Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB), Targeted Phototherapy, and Excimer laser on the medical front, in addition to epidermal cell transplantation and melanocyte culture transplants on the surgical front, have all revolutionized the management of this psychologically devastating disease.

Abstract:Melasma is an acquired, symmetrical hypermelanosis of the face and is particularly seen in women with skin types IV to VI living in areas with intense UVR. So it is a great problem in our country. Treatment of melasma remains a challenge. Topical therapy with a triple combination topical agents appears to be the most clinically effective initial therapy for patients with melasma. A clinical trial was conducted to find out the efficacy of the triple combination of 4% hydroquinone, 0.05% tretinoin and 0.01% fluocinolone acetonide cream in the treatment of facial melasma. Fifty clinically diagnosed cases of melasma attending the Skin and VD outpatient department of General Hospital, Faridpur were selected randomly. Majority (54%) were between 21 to 25 years of age and most of them (86%) were female. After 20 weeks of treatment with triple combination agents, the average MASI score decreased significantly (P<.001). Reduction of the severity of melasma by 20 weeks is 82% and by 8 weeks is 71%. Regarding the distribution of melasma, 50% were found centrofacial, 45% malar and 5% mandibular. As side effects of the treatment, 36% developed erythema, 16% developed burning sensation, 6% developed pruritus and 4% developed desquamation. This study demonstrates that every night application of triple combination topical agent has significant effect on melasma.

Psoriasis is a chronic papulosquamous disorder with remissions and exacerbations. Varied estimates of the population prevalence of the disease in different parts of the world range from 0.1 - 3%. It is not uncommon in our country. Although there are no treatment options offering a complete cure, a number of options exist for providing symptomatic relief, inducing as well as prolonging remission. Various systemic therapies such as methotrexate, acitretin, cyclosporine, and biologic agents can be used. A review of pharmacokinetics, safety and a discussion of relapse rate establish acitretin, an aromatic retinoid as an efficacious, convenient, oral monotherapy for initial and maintenance of severe psoriasis. A prospective clinical trial was conducted to find out the efficacy and safety of acitretin as monotherapy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque type psoriasis (PASI range 10-42). Thirty two clinically diagnosed cases of moderate to severe plaque type psoriasis attending the Skin and VD out patient department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur were selected randomly. Majority (46.9%) were between 61 to 80 years of age and only 3.1% patients were in the <20 years age group. The average age was 57.3 years and range was 19-90 years. Majority (68.8%) of the patients were male and 31.2% patients were female. The male female ratio was 2.2:1. After 8 weeks of treatment with acitretin PASI 50 and PASI 75 response rates were 55% and 24% respectively and after 12 weeks of treatment, PASI 50 and PASI 75 response rates were 75% and 50% respectively. As side effects of the treatment, 4(12.5%) patients developed alopecia, each of xerophthalmia and cheilitis was seen in 3(9.37%) patients, each of fatigue and pruritus was seen in 2(6.25%) patients and only 1(3.12%) patient developed myalgia. This study demonstrates that acitretin as monotherapy is effective and safe in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque type psoriasis. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 16-19

Acyclovir has well-documented efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of herpes zoster. Its limited oral bioavailability and short half-life, however, necessitates frequent dosing. Valacyclovir, the l-valyl ester of acyclovir, could be rapidly converted to acyclovir after oral administration, resulting in a three to five fold increase in acyclovir bioavailability compared with oral acyclovir in humans. The study was done in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faridpur Medical College Hospital (FMCH), Faridpur, Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2016 to compare the safety and efficacy of valacyclovir with acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster. Relevant data was taken from 50 patients presenting with herpes zoster within 72 hours after the onset of rash and were randomized into two groups of 25 each to receive one of the following treatments: valacyclovir 1000 mg three times daily for 7 days or acyclovir 800 mg five times daily for 7 days for each group. Patients were followed up on day 7, 14, 22 and 29 to assess the rate of resolution of pain, cessation of abnormal sensations, rate of rash healing, new lesion formation and occurrence of complications or adverse effects. The intent-to-treat analysis showed that valacyclovir significantly accelerated the resolution of zoster-associated pain compared with acyclovir; on day 29, the valacyclovir group was 44% superior to the acyclovir group. The rate of cessation of abnormal sensations, rash healing and complications or adverse effects was similar with both the treatments. There were no clinically significant differences in the nature, frequency or severity of adverse events between the two treatment groups. Thus, we conclude that in the management of herpes zoster, valacyclovir accelerates the resolution of pain and offers a simpler dosing, and maintains the favorable safety profile of acyclovir. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2018;13(2): 74-77