Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate root canal morphology of maxillary second premolars in an Indian population.Materials and Methods:Two hundred maxillary second premolars were collected, stained, decalcified, and cleared. Cleared teeth were examined in a steromicroscope under 7.5× magnification and the following observations were made: (1) length of the teeth, (2) number of root canals, (3) root canal configuration by Vertucci’s classification, (4)number of isthmi between the canals, (5) frequency of apical deltas.Results:Of the two hundred maxillary second premolars, 64.1% had one root canal at the apex and 35.4 % had two root canals at the apex. The average length of the teeth was 21.5 mm. Concerning the canal morphology, 33.6% of the teeth exhibited Vertucci type II configuration followed by type IV pattern (31.1%); 29.2% of the teeth possessed type I pattern. An additional canal configuration type XIX was found in one tooth. Isthmi and apical deltas was found in 19% and 14% of the cases, respectively.Conclusion:The root canal morphology of Maxillary second premolars can be complex and requires careful evaluation prior to endodontic therapy.

The fracture of endodontic instruments is a procedural problem creating a major obstacle to normal routine therapy. The separated instrument, particularly a broken file, leads to metallic obstruction in the root canal and impedes efficient cleaning and shaping. When an attempt to bypass such a fragment becomes difficult, it should be retrieved by mechanical devices. Masserann kit is one such device for orthograde removal of intracanal metallic obstructions. These clinical cases demonstrate the usage of Masserann technique in removal of separated instruments in anterior and also the posterior teeth.

Aim:To examine the influence of different post-surface treatments on the interfacial strength between epoxy resin-based fiber posts and methacrylate-based resin composites that are employed as core build-up materials.Materials and Methods:Forty clear posts were divided into four groups of 10 each. The different surface treatments used were etching with alkaline potassium permanganate, 10% hydrogen peroxide, 37% phosphoric acid, and silanization alone. After etching and thorough rinsing, a single layer of silane was applied to the post surface. Then the post was placed in a rectangular plastic matrix and core bulid-up was done using Multi Core, a dual cured composite resin. A slab of uniform thickness, with the post in the center and the core build-up composite on either side was created. The specimens were cut so as to obtain microtensile sticks that were loaded in tension at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and the paired T test for post-hoc comparisons.Results:The results achieved with potassium permanganate had a significant influence on microtensile interfacial bond strength values with the tested material.Conclusion:Surface chemical treatments of the resin phase of fiber posts enhance the silanization efficiency of the quartz fiber phase, so that the adhesion in the post/core unit may be considered as a net sum of chemical and micromechanical retention.

The paper describes the anatomical variation of four roots in a mandibular permanent first molar diagnosed using multiple angulated preoperative radiographs and its successful nonsurgical endodontic management. Careful observation and exploration of the pulpal floor using a dental operating microscope revealed a peculiar developmental root fusion line on the pulp chamber floor. Based on the above observation, a correlation between this unusual line and the existence of additional roots has been proposed and discussed.

Introduction:Thorough disinfection of the root canal system is essential for the success of root canal therapy. Enterococcus faecalis is the most frequently found species in persistent/secondary intracanal infection associated endodontic treatment failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disinfection of dentinal tubules using 10% Chlorpromazine, 4% Lignocaine gel, 5% Amiloride hydrochloride in comparison with 2% chlorhexidine gel.Materials and Methods:The antibacterial efficacy of the four medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis was assessed in vitro using extracted human first and second mandibular premolar teeth at the depths of 200 μm and 400 μm.Results:The overall percentage inhibition of bacterial growth was 100% with 2% chlorhexidine gel followed by 10% chlorpromazine (88.8%), 4% lignocaine gel (76.4%) and 5% amiloride hydrochloride (71.4%).Conclusion:2% chlorhexidine gel was most effective against E. faecalis followed by the newer non- antibiotic medicament 10% chlorpromazine when compared to the other medicaments tested.