Although some AKI cases were not identified by the UOCr alone, the UOCr has an additional role in AKI staging, regardless of diuretic use.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized control (OVX), alendronate (OVX+ALEN, 10 mg/kg body weight/d), low silk fibroin (OVX+SF100, 100 mg/kg body weight/d), and high silk fibroin (OVX+SF300, 300 mg/kg body weight/d) groups. All the rats were fed by gavage for 12 wk. At the end of 12 wk, blood and urine were collected for analysis of bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by micro-computed tomography. The results show that the OVX group (p < 0.05) displayed the highest mean body weight gain. Among the five groups, serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urine levels of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were highest in the OVX group (p < 0.05). Bone ALP levels in the ALEN group were significantly lower than that of the silk-treated groups. On the other hand, DPD levels were not significantly different between the ALEN and silk-fibroin-treated groups (p < 0.05). The trabecular BMD was significantly higher in the ALEN and silk-treated groups compared to the OVX group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that silk fibroin has similar effects as alendronate, which is used in osteoporosis medication. Therefore silk fibroin might be a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. A total of thirty Sprague‐ Dawley rats were randomized into sham‐operated (SHAM), OVX control (OVX), Alendronate (OVX+ALEN, 10mg/kg bw/day), low silk fibroin (OVX+LSF, 100mg/kg bw/day) and high silk fibroin (OVX+HSF, 300mg/kg bw/day). All the rats were fed by gavage for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, blood and urine were collected for bone turnover marker and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by micro‐computed tomography. As a result the means of body weight gain were the highest in the OVX group (p< 0.05). Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urine levels of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were the highest in the OVX group among the five groups (p< 0.05). Bone ALP of ALEN group was significantly lower than silk treated groups, on the other hand, DPD was not significantly different among ALEN and silk treated groups (p< 0.05). BMD of trabecular bone was significantly increased in the ALEN and silk treated groups compared with OVX group (p< 0.05). Therefore, silk fibroin has similar effects as alendronate which is used for osteoporosis medication and might be new candidate for the osteoporosis prevention and treatment.