Online headspace-SIFT/MS was evaluated by comparing performance with headspace-GC/MS for 20 types of VOCs. Performance evaluation was determined by comparing the linearity of the calibration curve, the detection limits, and the quantitation limits. The accuracy and precision of the two analytical methods were also compared. Online HSS-SIFT/MS possessed quantification almost equal to HSS-GC/MS. In the case of analysis accuracy and precision, inaccuracies were observed at low concentrations. However, overall, online HSS-SIFT/MS presented sufficient accuracy to determine the concentrations for that defines chemical accidents.

Airway management in pediatric patients can be especially difficult because of their anatomy and an increased risk of hypoxia. A video laryngoscope can provide a better image of laryngeal anatomical structures than can a conventional direct laryngoscope, thereby improving patient safety. Even in an emergency situation which requires immediate intubation, a video laryngoscope would be more successful than a conventional direct laryngoscope [1]. In this case report, we describe successful tracheal re-intubation using a C-MAC ® video laryngoscope after multiple intubation failures under direct laryngoscopy in a temporarily extubated pediatric patient. CASE REPoRTA 6-month-old boy (weight 4.2 kg) was scheduled for laryngomicroscopic surgery (LMS) and bougienage for subglottic A 6-month-old boy was scheduled for a laryngeal mass excision and tracheal bougienage for secondary subglottic stenosis. Following successful excision of the laryngeal mass, a tracheal tube was temporarily extubated for tracheal bougination. However, tracheal re-intubation using a direct laryngoscope with the Miller blade failed because of mucosal swelling and bloody secretions. Following multiple intubation attempts, the patient's peripheral oxygen saturation had decreased to 52%. Immediately, a video laryngoscope was requested, and, by using the C-MAC ® video laryngoscope, the patient was successfully re-intubated. Because pediatric patients are more vulnerable to desaturation, extreme caution should be used in securing airways even during a short apneic period. Using a video laryngoscope at the first intubation attempt would be useful for successful tracheal intubation.

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an emerging freshwater cyanobacterial toxin, and its reports on toxicity toward the human liver and kidney tissues has drawn a lot of attention. An appropriate analytical method is necessary to determine the presence of this emerging cyanobacterial toxin in water resources including drinking water; therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive analytical method for CYN detection. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive analytical method for CYN detection using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using direct injection. The method was validated for linearity of calibration, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and precision. The limit of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.029 μg/L and 0.091 μg/L, respectively. Accuracy and precision were also obtained within an acceptable range. The optimized method was used to measure the concentrations of CYN in the surface water from each weir areas of the Geum River, Nakdong River. Additionally, this method was applied to samples of drinking water obtained from the treatment plants of the Geum River, Nakdong River for each process.