We have previously reported that bone marrow cells (BMCs) participate in the regeneration after liver injury. However, it is not established that this is the result of differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or the combination of both. We investigated the contribution of each cell fraction to the regenerative process. First, we confirmed that transplanted stem cells migrate directly to injured liver tissue without dispersing to other organs. Next, we divided green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing BMCs into three populations as mononuclear cells, MSCs and HSCs. We then compared the engraftment capacity after transplantation of each fraction of cells into liver-injured mice. Of these, the MSCs transplanted group showed the highest GFP fluorescence intensities in liver tissue by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopic observation. Furthermore, MSCs showed differentiation potential into hepatocytes when co-cultured with injured liver cells, which suggests that MSCs showed highest potential for the regeneration of injured liver tissue compared with those of the other two cell refractions.

Structure-based Quantitative Structure -Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies were performed on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase (HIV-RT) inhibitors with Diaryltriazines (DATAs) and Diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) implemented in the SYBYL software packages. From the Xray structure of dapivirine, 38 training set molecules were sketched and minimized using the MMFF94 force field. In structure-based QSAR, all the HIV-RT complexes were subjected to subset minimization and aligned against a fixed point of the enzyme. The best CoMFA and CoMSIA results presented cross-validated values (q 2 ) of 0.640 and 0.663, and non-cross-validated values (r 2 ) of 0.976 and 0.932, respectively. Contour map analysis enables the identification of crucial interactions between the enzyme and inhibitors, which can be used further to design new HIV-RT inhibitors.

Restricted numbers and poor regenerative properties limit the use of adult stem cells. We tested the effect of hypoxic treatment as a method by which to increase cell migration. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were cultured under oxygen saturations of 0.1, 3, and 20% for 24h. After hypoxic treatment, BMCs of apoptotic fraction were decreased. The expression of CXCR4 was noticeably increased in the hypoxia-treated BMCs and their migration in response to SDF-1alpha was enhanced compared with cells cultured under normoxic condition. Hypoxic BMCs had a higher degree of engraftment to the CCl(4)-injured liver than the normoxic cells. Hypoxic treatment of BMCs may have merits in decreasing apoptosis of those cells as well as in enhancing cellular migration to SDF-1alpha, the chemokine which binds to BMCs expressed CXCR4 and to the injured tissue, such as CCl(4) damaged liver.

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Background Family health develops from the intersection of the health of each family member and their interactions and capacities as well as the family’s internal and external resources. Frailty is the most prominent and typical clinical manifestation during population aging. Family health may be effective in addressing frailty, and this association may be mediated by health literacy and health behaviors. Until now, it is unclear whether and how family health affects frailty in older adults. Objective This study aimed to examine the associations between family health and frailty and the mediation roles of health literacy and health behaviors. Methods A total of 3758 participants aged ≥60 years were recruited from a national survey conducted in 2022 in China for this cross-sectional study. Family health was measured using the Short Form of the Family Health Scale. Frailty was measured using the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale. Potential mediators included health literacy and health behaviors (not smoking, not having alcohol intake, physical exercise for ≥150 minutes per week, longer sleep duration, and having breakfast every day). Ordered logistic regression was applied to explore the association between family health and frailty status. Mediation analysis based on Sobel tests was used to analyze the indirect effects mediated by health literacy and behaviors, and the Karlson-Holm-Breen method was used to composite the indirect effects. Results Ordered logistic regression showed that family health is negatively associated with frailty (odds ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.93-0.96) with covariates and potential mediators controlled. This association was mediated by health literacy (8.04%), not smoking (1.96%), longer sleep duration (5.74%), and having breakfast every day (10.98%) through the Karlson-Holm-Breen composition. Conclusions Family health can be an important intervention target that appears to be negatively linked to frailty in Chinese older adults. Improving family health can be effective in promoting healthier lifestyles; improving health literacy; and delaying, managing, and reversing frailty.