Single emulsifiers exhibit varying degrees of restriction in stabilizing emulsions. Oppositely charged chitin nanoparticles and fucoidan complex particles were used as emulsifiers to stabilize a o/w Pickering emulsion and explore its stability and antioxidant activity under different environmental stresses. The results showed that the emulsion with the smallest mean particle size (1.02 μm) and strongest zeta potential (−29.3 mV) was formed at pH 7. Moreover, at this pH, it presented the highest physical stability and antioxidant activity and the lowest emulsion creaming index. The investigation of the effect of temperature on the stability and antioxidant activity of the emulsion revealed that, after freezing/thawing at −20 °C, the emulsion was unstable, the particle size increased, and the stability and antioxidant activity were low. In contrast, the emulsions treated at 25, 37, and 60 °C displayed no significant differences and exhibited high stabilities and antioxidant activities. Additionally, increasing the salt ion concentration further decreased the emulsion stability and antioxidant activity. Particularly, the emulsion with a salt concentration of 500 mM displayed the lowest stability, and stratification occurred after 30 d of storage. The Pickering emulsion remained stable under different environmental stresses expect for at a temperature of −20 °C and 500 mM salt ion concentration.
In this study, Pt/OLF catalysts were synthesized using onion‐like fullerenes (OLF) as carriers and applied as cathode catalysts in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrochemical reactors for the preparation of hydrogenated oils. The results show that OLF is a good carrier, and the specific surface area and accumulated pore area of OLF are increased after oxidation by 264.50% and 256.83%, respectively. The loaded Pt forms uniformly dispersed crystalline particles (14.59 nm) on the OLF, and the crystallization is dominated by 111 crystalline planes. In the hydrogenation process, the Pt/OLF catalyst shows lower trienoate selectivity, lower activation energy (21.36 kJ/mol), and higher catalytic activity than the Pt/C catalyst. In addition, the hydrogenated product prepared with the Pt/OLF catalyst has a lower trans fatty acids (TFA) content than that of Pt/C, and the oil crystallization in the product is more uniform, but no difference in flavor is found for the Pt/C‐hydrogenated oil, which is an excellent quality hydrogenated product.
Novelty impact statement
Preparation of Pt‐based catalyst with good catalytic activity using onion‐like fullerenes (OLF) as carrier.
Application of Pt/OLF catalyst to SPE electrochemical hydrogenation reactor to hydrogenated soybean oil.
Prepared a hydrogenated product with low trans fatty acids, uniform crystallinity, and good quality.
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