 utilization of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage;  biopolymer electrolyte providing the ability to replace synthetic polymer electrolyte;  mechanical and thermal properties of MC-based biopolymer electrolyte are sufficient to meet the requirements of lithium-ion batteries separator.

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This research aimed to modify the Nias' cacao pod husk cellulose by using Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) method to produce carboxymethyl cellulose and its application as lithium-ion batteries' biopolymer electrolyte membrane. There were two main stages of modification of Nias' cacao pod husk cellulose i. e. cellulose alkalization and cellulose carboxymethylation process (etherification stage). Lithium-ion batteries' biopolymer electrolyte membrane was fabricated through the casting solution technique, where the blend of Methylcellulose/Carboxymethyl cellulose (MC/CMC) (80/20) (w/w) was complexed to 10 % (w/w) of lithium perchlorate. The determinations of functional groups, molec-ular structure, crystallinities, and thermal stability were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-Ray Diffraction, and Thermogravimetry Analysis, respectively. The lithium-ion biopolymer electrolyte of the 10 % lithium perchlorate-complexed MC/CMC (80/20) blend shows ionic conductivity, tensile strength/elongation at break, thermal stability are 5.91 × 10 À 3 S cm À 1 , 30.69 MPa/31.83 %, and 279.40-341.05 °C. Based on the results, the prepared biopolymer electrolyte of 10 % lithium perchlorate-complexed MC/CMC (80/20) fulfills the separator (solid electrolyte) requirement for lithium-ion battery application.

This work had successfully produced Theobroma cacao L. (TCL) husk-based cellulose used efficiently and friendly environmentally simple microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The microwave-assisted heating time optimization of alkaline-treatment was carried out for 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Microwave-assisted bleaching process was also conducted using green bleaching agent H2O2, and also utilizing microwave heating for 60 minutes. The followed treatment was filtered, neutralized, washed and overnight freeze-dried. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed common cellulose functional groups of TLC, are β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds at ∼897 cm-1, O-H (hydrogen bond) at 3412 cm-1, C-H vibration at 2902 cm-1, C-O-C asymmetric at 1161 cm-1, and C-OH out-of-plane bending at 665 cm-1. FTIR analysis, in addition, also studied crystallinity ratio (CrR), hydrogen bond energy (E H) and hydrogen bond distances (R H), while particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) were carried out to confirm particles sizes, crystallinities and thermal stability properties of TCL husk, cellulose of TCL husk and commercial-microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), respectively.

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