Five hundred four fecal specimens, collected between 2004 and 2006 from young children with acute diarrhea, were screened for rotavirus by ELISA with VP6-specific antibody. Of these samples, 394 (78.2%) were confirmed as group A rotavirus and they underwent G-and P typing using a combination of ELISA, RT-PCR, and sequence analysis methods. The dominant circulating G serotype was G1 (35.6%) followed by G3 (26.4%), G4 (14.7%), and G2 (11.9%). There was a low prevalence of G9 (1.0%) and of unusual G type rotavirus, in particular, G12 (0.5%) and G8 (0.3%). Of the P genotype rotavirus in circulation, P[8] (53.0%) was most common followed by P and G8P[8] were also found. Owing to the recent emergence of G8 and G12 rotavirus, the findings from this study are important since they provide new information concerning the local and global spread of rotavirus genotypes.

The taxonomic position of two Tsukamurella strains isolated from activated sludge foam was clarified. The organisms, isolates JC85 and N1176 T , were found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of members of the genus Tsukamurella. DNA-DNA relatedness studies showed that the strains formed a distinct genomic species that was most closely related to Tsukamurella spumae. The two isolates also share a range of phenotypic properties that distinguishes them from representatives of all species of Tsukamurella with validly published names. It is evident from the data that the two organisms should be classified as a novel Tsukamurella species, Tsukamurella pseudospumae sp. nov. The type strain is N1176 T (=DSM 44118 T =NCIMB 13963 T ).

The taxonomic position of a Gram-positive coccus, designated strain CAU 28 T , isolated from activated sludge foam was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical tests, strain CAU 28 T was identified tentatively as a member of the genus Lactococcus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that levels of similarity between strain CAU 28 T and the type strains of recognized Lactococcus species ranged from 90.4 to 97.2 %. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that strain CAU 28 T displayed less than 26.1 % relatedness to the type strains of recognized Lactococcus species. The rep-PCR fingerprints revealed that strain CAU 28 T was well separated from reference Lactococcus species. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that strain CAU 28 T represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 28 T (5KCTC 13185 T 5CCUG 55099 T ).Lactococcus Schleifer et al. 1986 was first established as a separate genus distinct from the genus Streptococcus by Schleifer et al. (1985). At the time of writing, Lactococcus comprises five recognized species (Euzéby, 1997; Schleifer et al. 1986. Members of the genus Lactococcus have been identified as lactic acid bacteria that contribute significantly to the properties of fermented dairy products while others produce antimicrobial compounds. Members of the genus have been isolated largely from food-related sources and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) organisms (Salminen et al., 1998). However, rare cases of invasive disease in humans, sometimes severe, have been reported in association with L. garvieae (Vinh et al., 2006;Wang et al., 2007; Yiu et al., 2007) and L. lactis (Mannion & Rothburn, 1990) infections. The case study by Wang et al. (2007) raised awareness of a potential risk factor for gastrointestinal disease from L. garvieae linked to the consumption of raw seafood (squid) in the summer months, although their 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis may not have been the best method of establishing an epidemiological link. The exact source of infection in squid and the farm of its origin could not be identified, and a much larger study is needed to confirm risk factors for potential gastrointestinal infection with L. garvieae. Several reports show that L. garvieae is an important pathogen of fish, squid and prawns, causing economic losses both in marine and in freshwater aquaculture (Carson et al., 1993;Chen et al., 2001Chen et al., , 2002Pereira et al., 2004; Vendrell et al., 2006). In addition, L. garvieae has been isolated from cases of bovine mastitis (Collins et al., 1983;Teixeira et al., 1996). Until now, however, there have been no reports ofThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CAU 28 T is EF694028. for 3 days at 37 u C. Cellular fatty acid methyl esters were extracted by acid methanolysis (Minnikin et al., 1980) and analysed by using a Hewlett Packard ser...

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A Gram-positive, non-motile, slightly halophilic actinomycete, strain JG-241 T , was isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain JG-241 T grew optimally at 25-30 6C and in the presence of 2-5 % (w/v) NaCl. The physiological and biochemical properties of strain JG-241 T were distinguishable from those of recognized Nesterenkonia species. Strain JG-241 T had a peptidoglycan type based on L-Lys-Gly-D-Asp. It contained MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 as the predominant menaquinones and anteiso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 68?0 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain JG-241 T falls within the radiation of the cluster comprising Nesterenkonia species. Similarity values between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JG-241 T and those of the type strains of Nesterenkonia species ranged from 96?7 to 99?7 %. DNA-DNA relatedness data and repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA-PCR genomic fingerprinting patterns showed that strain JG-241 T differs genetically from recognized Nesterenkonia species. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, strain JG-241 T represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia jeotgali sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JG-241 T (=KCTC 19053 T =JCM 12610 T ).