Background and Aim: Endometriosis affects the ovaries and causes a decrease in the oocyte quality during endometrial receptivity. During the development of ovarian follicles, paracrine communication occurs between granulosa cells and oocytes. This study was conducted to determine the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) receptor 1 (TNFR1) expression, granulosa cell apoptosis, and folliculogenesis in endometriosis mouse models. Materials and Methods: This study involved 42 female mice, which were divided into three groups: Healthy mice (T0), endometriosis mice without transplantation (T1), and endometriosis mice with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (T2). The mice were injected intraperitoneally with endometrial fragments (200 μL) to become endometriosis models. On day 15, the endometriosis models received mesenchymal stem cells. Sample collection was performed on day 29. Granulosa cell apoptosis and TNFR1 expression were examined using immunohistochemical staining, and folliculogenesis was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining of ovary samples. The data obtained from both examinations were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: The results showed that TNFR1 expression is significantly decreased in T2 (p<0.004). The apoptosis of granulosa cells was lower in T2 (p<0.000). The primary, secondary, and graafian follicle counts in T2 were significantly increased. Conclusion: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in endometriosis mouse models can reduce TNFR1 expression and granulosa cell apoptosis and improve folliculogenesis.

Social entrepreneurship is a potential alternative to address social problems but social business still needs to be strengthened to provide far-reaching impact. One strategy to flourish is benchmarking against successful social enterpreneurs because previous studies show that entrepreneur’s competence is a determinant of small-medium business performance and growth. Social entrepreneur competencies which drive social business success and how these competencies are developed, unfortunately have not clear yet. This study aims to build a competency model for social entrepreneurs and to find out pattern (in method, period, sources) for developing competencies by studying successful Indonesian social entrepreneurs. The reports on social entrepreneur competency model presented in this paper. This research adopt qualitative approach using multiple case study design. Data collected by indepth interviewing 29 informants, studying documents and conducting field observation in eight cities. Results show that successful social entrepreneurs have shared competencies which indicate existence of social entrepreneur competency model. The result of this study complements empirical studies in social entrepreneurs’ competencies by showing competencies that drive success of social business i.e: Achievement orientation, Persistence, Initiative, Courage to take opportunities, Networking, Influencing others, Team leadership, Developing others, Teamwork-Colaboration, Orientation to help and serve others, Mission orientation, Affiliate interest, Creative problem solving. The finding has direct implication on social entrepreneur education and development programs included method, materials, design and sources of development because the competencies determine the success constitute mostly of attitudes, motives and traits instead of knowledge and skills.

Background. In endometriosis, there is an increase in ROS levels and can cause a damage the DNA structures. Objectives. To analyze the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on the expression of BCl2 mRNA, p21 mRNA, and Survivin mRNA in mice with endometriosis models. Material and methods. This study used 42 female mice which were divided into 3 groups, the normal mice group (T0), the positive control group, the endometriosis model group that received placebo (T1) and the endometriosis model mice that received bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (T2). The stages of this research are: endometrial biopsy, bone marrow isolation for mesenchymal stem cell production, mesenchymal stem cell production, endometriosis model making, mesenchymal stem cell therapy in endometriosis model mice, cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) sample collection. Real-time PCR and Examination of Bcl-2 mRNA expression, p21 mRNA expression, and survivin mRNA expression, using real-time PCR method. Data analysis using ANOVA. Results. There was PKH26 luminescence as a characteristic sign of homing mesenchymal stem cells in the ovaries of mice that received mesenchymal stem cells. The values of Bcl-2 mRNA, p21 mRNA, and survivin mRNA of the three groups were not significantly different (p> 0.05), although the mean Bcl-2 mRNA expression in the endometriosis model group given mesenchymal stem cells was higher than the endometriosis model group. Conclusions. There was no effect between the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, p21 mRNA, and survivin mRNA on the decrease in apoptosis of granulosa cells in the group of endometriosis model mice that received mesenchymal stem cells.