Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a common worldwide medicinal plant. Due to high medical importance, tamarind seed and pulp fraction and sub fractions were compared. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activities of different extracts of tamarind by demonstrating different extraction methods and then selection of best and less time taking method. Biological activities including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) showed maximum inhibition for seed (74.09±0.76) as compare to pulp (72.09±0.43) at 300 μg/ml for butanol fraction, 2, 2'-azino-Bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) showed maximum inhibition for seed (79.19±0.36) as compare to pulp (75.69±0.23) at 300 μg/ml for butanol. Metal chelation showed maximum inhibition for seed (81.39±0.70) as compare to pulp (77.49±0.93) at 300 μg/ml for butanol fraction, whereas lipid-peroxidation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) inhibition showed maximum value for seed at 120 μg/ml as compare to pulp with FeSo4 for butanol fraction and with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), TBARS inhibition showed maximum values for seed at 120 μg/ml as compare to pulp for butanol faction. The total antioxidant activity phosphomolybdenum assay was performed, which showed maximum values for seed at 120 μg/ml as compare to seed for butanol fraction. Total phenolic contents of seed for butanol fraction were 1.83 ± 0.31 mg/g for seed and 2 .83 ± 0.44 mg/g for pulp. Similarly, high amount of flavonoid content for seed was 1.31 ± 0.09 mg/g was given for dichloromethane and for pulp it was given as 1.91 ± 0.96 mg/g for butanol fraction. The results suggested that the extract of T. indica is potential source of the phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activity and utilized in diseases arising from oxidative stress in near future by using ultra-sonication method which is precise and time-consuming method.

The PBAT is a biodegradable, thermally and mechanically stable polymer that plays an important role in combating plastic pollution. In this project, we studied the influence on plant growth and intrinsic microbial miscellany during PBAT degradation. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) grown in pots under controlled conditions was used as a test crop. PBAT was used in three quantities 0, 0.5, and 1 g, respectively. Every treatment was replicated thrice to minimize the error. Changes in growth parameters were recorded after 15, 30, 45, and 60 d. The PBAT degradation process was analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing technique. Three particle sizes < 0.1 mm (D1), 0.1-0.2 mm (D2), and 0.2-0.5 (D3), and two additive proportions 0.05% (M1) and 0.5% (M2) were used. The results showed that smaller particle sizes and larger additive proportions enhanced the PBAT degradation and soil microbial communities. At the genus level, The PBAT degradation products had significantly inhibited the phylum proteobacteria and actinomycetes. The acid Bacillus abundance was recorded highest at low pH due to the formation of acidic intermediates while a decline in Nocardia spp. was also obvious at this condition. The effect of PBAT on the soil microbial community provides a way for the development of microplastic resources for their effective degradation, the assessment of the potential impact on soil ecosystems, the understanding of their degradation process, and the maintenance of overall soil health.