The study examined the activities of the Ebonyi State Community Based Social Development Agency (EB-CSDA), particularly on poverty reduction in the rural communities of Ebonyi State. Survey and content Analytical Approach were adopted. Data were extensively drawn from documentary papers, publications, oral interviews, direct observation and the use of structured questionnaire distributed to 400 sampled respondents from rural communities in the 13 LGAs of the State. Findings reveal that despite efforts of successive governments aimed at reducing poverty, the scourge has remained pervasive. EB-CSDA however, is rated high in the provision of micro-projects to the rural communities but its approach is group-targeted rather than on the individual poor. Consequently, the paper recommends among others that adequate background studies should be undertaken to understand the demographic characteristics of the rural communities to enable development agencies target their efforts on the real poor based on sufficient needs assessments of recipients.

The use of ICT in tertiary institutions for learning, researching, teaching and community development is an ongoing reality in 21 st century. However, the inequalities that exist among tertiary students are the source of a significant anxiety. Such inequalities need to be detected and addressed and therefore close the digital divide. This qualitative study discusses the digital divide among Students by using ICT access/skills and inadequate ICT facilities in tertiary institutions. Results obtained revealed that there is presence of digital divide in the tertiary institutions environment. Such inequalities with respect to technology imply inadequate ICT resources available and difficult to access the facilities. It is noteworthy that the fact that not all tertiary students use ICT in carrying out their research and sources bibliography for academic purposes, but they use such ICT facilities more frequently for social/personal gains.

The enforcement of emergency rule as an alternative conflict resolution and management strategy in Nigeria has attracted controversies and criticisms over its relevance, interpretation, and application. Despite the observed defects and failures associated with previous enforcement in the Western region in 1962, Plateau State in 2004, and Ekiti State in 2006, President Goodluck Jonathan after initial refusal to heed various agitations, later declared state of emergency in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states largely enveloped by the "Boko Haram" insurgence. While the communitarians who advance emergency rule as an option for peace argued that the welfare of the collective or community must be valued over any individual rights or liberties; the libertarians criticised emergency rule because it deprives certain people of their civil rights. Without prejudice to the arguments of the communitarians and the libertarians, but in the light of the organic theory, it is argued that emergency rule can scarcely resolve crisis permanently especially the ones that are organic and historical in nature because they deal with core issues and interests that are hardly separable and negotiable. Hence, though the emergency rules declared in Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states may force momentary stoppage of the crisis in the affected areas as in past cases, it may not bring a permanent solution especially if the causes are not adequately addressed. I. Perspectives on Emergency Rule as a Conflict Resolution Strategy Arguments in favour and against state of emergency as strategy for conflict resolution culminated in two schools of thought: the communitarians and the libertarians. The communitarians contend that the welfare of the collective or community must be valued over any individual rights or liberties (Rourke and Boyer, 2002). The

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