Background: Depression is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Health care workers report a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than the general population. Emotional labor has contributed to poor health and work outcomes. However, the mechanism for the potential association between emotional labor and depressive symptoms has not been well studied. This study examines the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms and whether sleep plays a role in explaining this relationship. Methods: In 2018, health care workers ( n = 1,060) from five public sector facilities in the northeast United States participated in this cross-sectional survey. The survey included questions on participants’ surface-acting emotional labor (masking one’s feelings at work), depressive symptoms, sleep duration and disturbances, and socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariable linear and Poisson regression modeling were used to examine associations among variables. Findings: There was a significant association between emotional labor and depressive symptoms (β = 0.82, p < .001). Sleep disturbances, but not short sleep duration, partially mediated this association. Neither sleep variable moderated this association. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Depressive symptoms were prevalent among health care workers and were associated with emotional masking. Sleep disturbances play an important intermediate role in translating emotional labor to depressive symptoms in these workers. Effective workplace programs are needed to reduce health care workers’ emotional labor to improve their mental health. Sleep promotion should also be emphasized to mitigate the negative effect of emotional labor and promote mental wellbeing.

Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic impacted the well-being of health care workers. We examined the association between prepandemic perceptions of perceived organizational support for safety (using NOSACQ-50), safety hazards and the pandemic's impact on individual workers and institutions. Methods: Questionnaires from health care staff of five public health care facilities were collected in 2018 (n = 1059) and 2021 (n = 1553). In 2021, 17 workers were interviewed from the same facilities. Results: Interviewees reported that their organizations struggled to communicate due to changing guidelines, inadequate personal protective equipment, training, and infection control, early in the pandemic. Questionnaire reports of decreased staffing and increased workload during the pandemic were associated with lower baseline NOSACQ scores. Conclusion: Survey findings predicted some variation in organizational response to the pandemic. Better organizational policies for employee safety and pandemic planning could improve health care institutions' preparedness.

Aims: Many studies have been conducted on the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against human pathogens. However, a little has been done on fish pathogens. The aim of this research work was to isolate bacterial pathogens from spoiled fish leading to human diseases and compare the efficacies of selected antibiotics and medicinal herbal extracts against these infectious pathogens. Study Design: An experimental study.

Dementia is one to the leading cause of mental impairment with 57.4 million individuals globally in 2019. This number is expected to increase up to 83.2 million by 2030 and 116 million by 2050(1). In Pakistan however, an estimated 150,000–200,000 patients are living with dementia(2). This study aims to find out the severity of dementia in patients and how this severity affects the quality of life of caretakers of dementia patients. Along with this study also aims to find out the factors involved in causing dementia. Methodology: To find the association between dementia and quality of life, a cross sectionals. Study was conducted by through a questionnaire having CDR® scale (to find severity of dementia), Zarit Burden Interview (to assess burden on caregivers) and factors leading to dementia by targeting caregivers of dementia patients in different parts of Karachi. According to the sample size 383 responses were collected. Data was than analyzed by using SPSS version 27 using crosstabs, regression. Results: Study revealed that dementia is associated with impaired life style of a care giver. ANOVA and regression was applied. Results of Regression analysis which showed that dementia does cause impaired lifestyle of caregiver as p value was 0.01(< 0.05). Different factors were assessed to find out if they lead to dementia or not. Among all only family history. Conclusion: This study showed that quality of life of caregiver was affected by taking care of dementia patients and takes a huge toll on them, financially and mentally both. Both genders from different socioeconomic backgrounds were included in the study. Most of the participants were mild to moderately affected. Results implicate that most common factors, according to the caregiver that lead to dementia were family history and unhealthy eating habits. There were other rare factors that also came up during the data collection such as head injury. Keywords: Dementia, Aging, QOL, Quality of life.