To compare changes in retinal layers and microvasculature in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients after bevacizumab therapy and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). This prospective study divided patients into two groups: patients treated with bevacizumab and those treated with PRP. Patients visited our retinal clinic at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Retinal layer thickness and vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography were analyzed. 37 eyes in the bevacizumab group and 36 eyes in the PRP group were enrolled. In the bevacizumab group, the parafoveal RNFL, GCL, and IPL thicknesses significantly decreased (P < 0.001, P = 0.013, and P = 0.017, respectively), whereas the thicknesses in the PRP group showed an increasing tendency over time (P = 0.087, P = 0.005, and P = 0.003, respectively). The VD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the bevacizumab group did not show significant changes, whereas the VD in the PRP group significantly increased over time (both P < 0.001). Additionally, RNFL (P = 0.001) and GCL thicknesses (P = 0.035) were significant factors affecting changes in BCVA, whereas the VDs of SCP and DCP did not. Patients who received bevacizumab therapy did not show a significant change in macular VD, whereas the VD of patients after PRP significantly increased after treatment. The increased macular VD in patients after PRP would be associated with the increased inner retinal layer thickness after treatment, which was significantly related to the impairment in visual acuity.

To investigate the impact of the combination of type 2 diabetes (DM) and high myopia on inner retinal layer thickness of the macular area. The patients were divided into four groups: control (group 1), patients with DM without high myopia (group 2), patients with high myopia without DM (group 3), and patients with DM and high myopia (group 4). Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was compared among the groups. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with GCC thickness. A total of 194 eyes were enrolled: 59 in group 1, 52 in group 2, 49 in group 3, and 34 in group 4. The average parafovea GCC thicknesses were 113.9 ± 10.4, 112.4 ± 11.2, 112.2 ± 7.8, and 102.6 ± 15.1 μm (P < 0.001), and the average perifovea GCC thicknesses were 104.8 ± 13.2, 103.5 ± 10.8, 103.6 ± 8.8, and 93.9 ± 15.5 μm in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P = 0.001). In multivariate analyses, age (β = − 0.20, P = 0.007), DM duration (β = − 0.34, P = 0.023), and axial length (β = − 1.64, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with parafoveal GCC thickness. The GCC was significantly thinner when high myopia and DM were combined, compared to either condition alone. Additionally, age, DM duration, and axial length were significant factors associated with GCC thickness. The combination of mechanical stretching and neurodegeneration would accelerate neural damage to the retina, resulting in greater inner retinal layer thinning.

Background To identify the reliability of each retinal layer thickness measurement in epiretinal membrane (ERM) patients with ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFLs). Methods Subjects were divided into two groups: ERM patients with EIFLs (Group 1) and without EIFLs (Group 2). The retinal layer thickness was measured twice, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) values were calculated. Results In Group 1, the CVs of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were 22.39%, 13.12%, 13.37%, 13.21%, 15.09%, and 11.94%, while the ICCs were 0.431, 0.550, 0.440, 0.286, 0.279, and 0.503, respectively. In Group 2, the CVs were 18.20%, 10.59%, 10.65%, 13.27%, 14.75%, and 10.37%, while the ICCs were 0.788, 0.834, 0.830, 0.715, 0.226, and 0.439, respectively. The average central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly correlated with the CVs of NFL (coefficient = 0.317; P < 0.001), GCL (coefficient = 0.328; P < 0.001), and IPL (coefficient = 0.186; P = 0.042) in Group 1. Conclusions The reproducibility of the inner retinal layer thickness measurements in ERM patients with EIFLs was low compared to those without EIFLs. The reproducibility of the outer retinal layer thickness measurements, including OPL and ONL, was poor regardless of the presence of EIFLs in ERM patients. Additionally, the thicker the CMT in patients with EIFLs, the lower the reproducibility of the inner retinal layer thickness measurements.

Purpose: To report the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following intravitreal injections and describe its clinical features. Methods: The medical records of patients who received intravitreal injections from a single retinal specialist between February 2012 and January 2019 at a tertiary referral-based hospital and who had at least three months of follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In total, 9,484 intravitreal injections were performed by a single physician in 1,739 eyes of 1,480 patients during the study period. The mean patient age was 59.7 years at the time of the first injection. Patients received an average of 5.3 injections per eye during a mean follow-up period of 26.3 months. RRD occurred as a complication in only one case for an overall incidence rate of 0.01% per injection and 0.06% per eye. In that specific case, RRD occurred two weeks after an intravitreal injection, and the retina was successfully reattached without recurrence after prompt vitrectomy. Conclusions: The observed incidence rate of RRD after intravitreal injection was extremely low, similar to that reported in previous studies.