No abstract

Background:A rigid video-stylet intubation device provides safe and accurate access to the trachea by enabling visualization of the airway structures during tracheal intubation. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of glycopyrrolate premedication on tracheal intubation with a rigid video-stylet.Methods:In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 78 patients were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 39; no glycopyrrolate administration) or the glycopyrrolate group (n = 39; 0.005 mg/kg glycopyrrolate, intramuscular injection). A rigid video-stylet was used for tracheal intubation. The degree of oral secretion observed through the video-stylet monitor was assessed using the OptiScope laryngeal view and graded on a 4-point scale (1, excellent; 2, good; 3, poor; and 4, unacceptable). The time to intubation and hemodynamic variables at baseline and 1, 3, and 5 minutes after intubation were recorded.Results:The OptiScope laryngeal view grades of the glycopyrrolate group (grade 1 = 16 [41.0%], 2 = 17 [43.6%], 3 = 6 [15.4%], and 4 = 0 [0%]) were significantly higher than those of the control group (grade 1 = 9 [23.1%], 2 = 11 [28.2%], 3 = 18 [46.2%], and 4 = 1 [2.6%]; P = .02). The intubation time was shorter in the glycopyrrolate group (18.5 seconds [15.0–22.0]) than the control group (22.0 seconds [17.9–26.4], P = .02). There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic variables between groups.Conclusion:Glycopyrrolate facilitated tracheal intubation with a rigid video-stylet by decreasing oral secretions and providing better visualization and faster intubation with hemodynamic stability.Trial registry:www.clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT03050242.

The objective of the present study was to establish the method of measurement of hydrogen peroxide and to estimate the anti-oxidative effect of genistein in the skin. UVB induced skin oxidation and anti-oxidative effect of genistein formulations were evaluated by determining levels of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism involved in the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on a color reaction between ferric ion (Fe3+) and xylenol orange, often called FOX assay and subsequent monitoring of absorbance values of the reactant at 540 nm. The reaction was to some extent pH-dependent and detection sensitivity was greatest at pH 1.75. Genistein liposomal gel demonstrated better anti-oxidative effect with regard to lowering hydrogen peroxide levels elevated by UVB irradiation compared to genistein-suspended gel. A linear relationship has been observed between anti-oxidative effect of genistein and drug deposition in the skin tissue. Genistein liposomal gel resulting in the localization of the drug in the deeper skin led to improved anti-oxidative effect compared to genistein gel. The suggested method for evaluation of oxidation of the skin can be used as a tool to screen effective anti-oxidative agents and their delivery systems acting on the skin.