Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool to assess health-related behavior of adolescents with moyamoya disease. Design: This was a methodological study to develop and validate the Moyamoya-Health Behavior scale (Moyamoya-HB scale) for adolescent patients. Methods: The initial 108 items of the preliminary Moyamoya-HB scale for adolescent patients were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth focus-group interviews with eight moyamoya-suffering adolescents and 12 parents. Group interviews were conducted by six experts (two pediatric neurosurgeons, one psychologist and three nurses). Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 120 hospitalized adolescents with moyamoya disease recruited from Y University hospitals in South Korea. The construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. For criterion validity, concurrent validity was confirmed by using the Korean adolescents’ health behaviors tool. To confirm the reliability of the Moyamoya-HB scale, the construct reliability and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated. Findings: The final 12-item Moyamoya-HB scale for adolescents was categorized by three sub-domains: implementation of treatment for moyamoya disease, health promoting behavior for moyamoya disease and health coping behavior for moyamoya disease. Overall, these factors explained 68.97% of the total variance. The result of the confirmative factor analysis supported the construct, convergent and discriminant validity of the three sub-domains. The Moyamoya-HB scale for adolescents also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Korean adolescents’ health behaviors tool ( r = .59, p <.001). Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach’s alpha of .865 in total, and the subscales ranged from .800 to .841. Conclusion: The Moyamoya-HB scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the awareness of hospital safety among hospitalized children . Clinical relevance: The Moyamoya-HB scale should be able to contribute to building empirical- and evidence-based data for the development and application of various intervention programs for health promotion of adolescents with moyamoya disease and the prevention of hospital-related accidents among children.

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Abbreviations: TBD Additional File #1: Raw Dataset Additional File#2: Supplementary Methods Total words w/ abstract (total allowed 5000): 4363 Total words w/o abstract: 4014 Abstract (total allowed 350): 350 References (total allowed 50): 38 Abstract 1

The purpose of this study was to develop parent coaching domains for the health management of childhood leukemia survivors. Methods: In this study, we conducted a literature review and in-depth interviews with 6 parents of childhood leukemia survivors who were identified using convenience sampling. We identified areas of parent coaching through the 4 stages of the GROW model, which are: goal setting, realistic grasp, confirmation of realization, and search for alternatives. Results: Nine domains and 27 subcategories emerged from the study. The 9 parent coaching domains for the health management of childhood leukemia survivors were routine life management, education and information provision, emotional support for the surviving children, social support for the surviving children, follow-up management, family support, school life management, symptom management, and improvement of growth and development. Conclusion: This research developed 9 parent coaching domains for the health management of children surviving leukemia. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the efficient health management of childhood leukemia survivors by enabling practitioners to continuously identify new coaching domains as needed for their health management. Researchers should improve the health management of childhood leukemia survivors by developing nursing interventions for these new coaching areas.

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