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Background & aim: The study ofhard palate is important because of its role in speech articulation. The aim of the present study was to determine the palatine length, breadth and position of greater palatine foramen[GPF]. Material and Method : 50 dried, unsexed skulls from C U Shah Medical College, Surendranagar were studied. Palatine length, breadth & distance of Greater palatine foramen[GPF] to middle maxillary sutures[MMS] were measured with help of vernier caliper. Result : Mean palatine length and breadth were 47.10±3.34mm & 36.26±2.55mm respectively. The distance ofGPF from MMS was 16.55 mm & 16.57 mm on right and left side respectively. The palatine index showed that 68% of the skulls had narrow [Leptostaphyline ], 20% intermediate [Mesostaphyline] & 12% wide [Brachystaphyline] palates. Conclusions : These observations would be helpful for anatomists, anthropologists and also to surgeons for various surgical procedures on hard and soft palates.

Background & Aim: Spleen is an important lymphatic organ that is connected to the blood vascular system. It is important component of the reticulo-endothelial system. The aim of study was to find out the morphological variations in spleen & compare it with previous studies. Material and Methods: The present study was done on 66 human adult spleens belonging to both sexes. Various morphological features of spleen like length, breadth, width and weight were measured. Shape, borders, poles and surfaces of spleen were observed. Results: The weight of spleens was between 30 Gms to 390 Gms, with an average of 139.5 Gms. 40.91% of the spleens were wedge shaped followed by tetrahedral (27.27%), triangular (18.18%), oval (9.1%) and irregular (4.55%). The length of the spleens varied between 5.10 cm to 14.8 cm with average of 9.41 cms. Their breadths were between 4.3 cms to 11 cms with average of 6.4 cms and width was between 2 cms to 5.5 cms with an average of 3.3 cms. In most of the cases, splenic notches were present on the superior border (50%) followed by on both borders (21.21%). Ten spleens had no notches on either of its borders. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for physicians, surgeons, radiologists and anatomists.

Background: Problem Based Learning [PBL] is one of the approaches which use learning material to help students learn, and apply knowledge. Objectives:1] To develop and implement PBL. 2] To compare performance of second year MBBS students exposed to PBL and lecture-based learning.3] To collect feedbacks and analyses the perception. Methodology: Second year MBBS students who gave consent were enrolled in this study. In total 4 groups of 8 students each were formed. One group was taught by the traditional learning approach while problem-based learning was conducted for the other 3 groups on the same topic. At the end of sessions, the performance of the all the groups was evaluated by Post-test. The perception of students towards PBL was obtained through feedback Result: The post test score among PBL groups students were higher as compared to Traditional Lecture based group students. The PBL experimental and traditional lecture control groups differed in their mean post-test scores (P < 0.05), wherein the PBL group showed higher scores than the Traditional Lecture group. In present study, 100% Students believed that PBL helped the students to clear basic concepts of microbiology and 91% felt that PBL improved their self-study skills. Conclusion: PBL is effective teaching method in comparison to traditionallecture based teaching method.