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The Er2O3-Yb2O3 codoped TeO2-Bi2O3-Na2O-Glasses along with addition of AgNO3 in basic compositions glasses have been prepared by traditional melt quench method. Investigation of the synthesized glasses is done by DSC, XRD, and UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature is observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The amorphous nature of the synthesized glasses is confirmed by X-ray diffractogram taken at room temperature. The fluid displacement method on the basis of the Archimedes principle was used to calculated density of prepared samples. The UV-Visible absorption characterizations have been done in the range of 200–1100 nm of synthesized glasses having different percentage of doping of Er2O/Yb2O3/AgNO3. The study of optical properties of the glasses such as the absorption coefficient (α), cut-off wavelength, forbidden energy band gap (Eopt), refractive index and Urbach Energy (Eu) have been done. The effect of Er2O/Yb2O3/AgNO3 on optical properties is observed.

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As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engine, biodiesel instead of diesel has been increasingly became popular. Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. In spite of having some application problems, recently it is being considered as one of the most promising alternative fuels in internal combustion engine. The aim of the present paper is to do a comprehensive review of engine performance and emissions using biodiesel from different feedstock and to compare that with the diesel. From the review it is found that the use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in HC and CO emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engine with no or fewer modification. However, many further researches about modification on engine, low temperature performance of engine, new instrumentation and methodology for measurements, etc., are recommended while using biodiesel as a substitute of diesel.