Imaging sensing holds a remarkable place in modern electronics and optoelectronics for the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integration of highspeed optical communications and photodetection with the merits of high-speed operation, cost-effectiveness, and noncomplex fabrication. The optimum quality of image sensing relies on noise, sensitivity, power consumption, voltage operation, and speed imaging to access and compete with the state-of-the-art image sensing devices in the industry. Many studies have been conducted to address these issues; however, performance has not yet been optimized and solutions are still in the works. In this review, we briefly provide information on recent advances in image sensing using nanostructured emerging materials through nanofabrication integration including the technology evolution on traditional and modern technology platforms, general mechanisms, classification, and actual applications as well as existing limitations. Finally, new challenges and perspectives for the future trends of image sensing and their possible solutions are also discussed.

We study the structural and electronic properties of beryllium (Be) and magnesium (Mg) clusters for sizes 2–20 using a two-step approach. In the first step, a global search of the stable and low-lying metastable isomer structures is carried out on the basis of first-principles potential energy surfaces at the level of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory (DFT). In the second step, vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) and energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are determined using the G 0 W 0 methods for up to the fourth-lowest-energy isomers. Novel globally lowest-energy isomer structures are identified for Be14, Mg14, and Mg16 clusters. The van der Waals interactions are found to have a stronger influence on Mg clusters than on Be clusters. A second-difference analysis for both the binding energies and HOMO–LUMO gaps reveals a close relationship between the structural stability and chemical hardness for both types of clusters.

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This study reports light energy harvesting characteristics of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and BiFO3 doped with rare-earth metals such as neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), and gadolinium (Gd) dye solutions that were prepared by using the co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized materials were studied, confirming that 5–50 nm sized synthesized particles have a well-developed and non-uniform grain size due to their amorphous nature. Moreover, the peaks of photoelectron emission for bare and doped BiFeO3 were observed in the visible region at around 490 nm, while the emission intensity of bare BiFeO3 was noticed to be lower than that of doped materials. Photoanodes were prepared with the paste of the synthesized sample and then assembled to make a solar cell. The natural and synthetic dye solutions of Mentha, Actinidia deliciosa, and green malachite, respectively, were prepared in which the photoanodes were immersed to analyze the photoconversion efficiency of the assembled dye-synthesized solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of fabricated DSSCs, which was confirmed from the I–V curve, is in the range from 0.84 to 2.15%. This study confirms that mint (Mentha) dye and Nd-doped BiFeO3 materials were found to be the most efficient sensitizer and photoanode materials among all the sensitizers and photoanodes tested.