In this study, a microalgal consortium was cultivated with different CO 2 supplements: ambient air (0.03% CO 2 ), 10 and 30% (v/v) CO 2 . It was found that the growth rate of the cultures supplemented with 30% CO 2 was the highest among the others. The biomass and lipid productivity for the microalgal consortium with 30% CO 2 were 21.1 and 4.8 mg L À1 day À1 (27.6% of dry weight, dw). The ability of CO 2 fixation under 30% CO 2 supplementation was found to be 0.0271 g CO 2 L À1 day À1 , which is higher than in the ambient air supplementation. Then, the microalgal consortium was cultivated with exhaust gas (19% CO 2 ) from a power generator supplied by biogas from chicken manure. It was found that the growth of the microalgae supplemented with exhaust gas was higher than in the ambient air. The biomass and lipid productivity for the microalgal consortium with exhaust gas were 25.82 and 5.2 mg L À1 day À1 (16.96% of dw) and the most dominant algal species observed were Acutodesmus (Scenedesmus) sp., A. dimorphus (Turpin) Tsarenko and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing, respectively. Moreover, it could be revealed that the ability of CO 2 fixation under supplementations with exhaust gas increased 1.3-fold compared with ambient air. Therefore, the microalgal consortium has high potential for both CO 2 reduction and bio-oil production, simultaneously.

This study investigated the ef fect of hydrothermal pre-treatment on fer ulic acid content and antioxidant activities of corn hydrolysate. The low-grade corn was treated by hot water and autoclaving process at different temperatures and times. The highest phenolic content (471.7±7.4 μg FA.mL -1 , p＜0.05) was obtained by autoclaving at 121℃ for 90 min. High per formance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed 277.3±3.2 μg.mL -1 of FA, which was 2.05 times higher than that of the control (unheated sample). The high yield of FA obtained here may be due to high-temperature autoclaving eliminating the FA-lignin and FA-polysaccharide bonds. Fur thermore, the optimal hydrothermal pre-treatment at 121℃ for 90 min improved the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities by 1.3 and 1.5 fold, respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, the dextrose equivalent (DE) values obtained from corn hydrolysate at the different heat treatments in this study were in the range of 23.2±0.7 to 28.7±0.9. These results illustrated that autoclaving method showed a promising pre-treatment process to add value of corn hydrolysate product.