The neutron-rich nuclei 94;96 Kr were studied via projectile Coulomb excitation at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. Level energies of the first excited 2 þ states and their absolute E2 transition strengths to the ground state are determined and discussed in the context of the Eð2 þ 1 Þ and BðE2; 2 þ 1 ! 0 þ 1 Þ systematics of the krypton chain. Contrary to previously published results no sudden onset of deformation is observed. This experimental result is supported by a new proton-neutron interacting boson model calculation based on the constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach using the microscopic Gogny-D1M energy density functional. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.062701 PACS numbers: 25.70.De, 27.60.+j, 29.30.Kv, 29.38.Gj Since the availability of high-intensity radioactive ion beams, the extension of the concept of quantum phase transitions to exotic nuclei is of great interest in nuclear physics [1]. Quantum phase transitions occur in atomic nuclei as a function of the number of protons or neutrons and describe changes of the ground-state shapes [2]. The so-called A % 100 mass region of the nuclear chart around 100 Zr is one of the most popular regions for the study of this phenomenon since the zirconium (Z ¼ 40) and strontium (Z ¼ 38) isotopes undergo a shape transition from almost spherical to strongly deformed shapes when going from neutron number N ¼ 58 to N ¼ 60 [3][4][5][6][7]. This
We present the development and validation of a theory-derived scale measuring patients' behavioral intention to adhere to HIV care. Adherence to HIV care includes attendance at appointments and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens. These two components have been independently associated with long-term HIV outcomes. Items were chosen to reflect behavioral intention as defined by the Health Action Process Approach to health-seeking behavior. Items reflecting self-reported HIV knowledge were also included after expert panel review. The study took place from October 2009 to April 2010 at two HIV clinics in Houston, Texas. Participants were 287 adults with HIV/AIDS (10.1% female, mean age 50.8); 56.5% were AfricanAmerican and 17% were Hispanic. Of the total, 87.1% were on HAART at enrollment. Factor analysis of survey items resulted in the retention of two domains, knowledge and intention, based on scree plot analysis of eigenvalues. Questions with factor loadings > 0.4 were retained, yielding 4 knowledge questions and 10 intention questions. The survey had good internal consistency for knowledge (Cronbach's a = 0.83) and for intention (Cronbach's a = 0.81). In multivariate analysis, intention was associated with HIV viral suppression, defined as HIV-1 viral load < 400 RNA copies/mL, (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% .confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-3.07). Knowledge was also associated with HIV suppression (OR = 1.55, 95%, CI = 1.09-2.12). The resulting study describes the development and preliminary validation of an HIV treatment-seeking intention measure. Additional studies are needed to validate this instrument in other populations.
Background: Incomplete fusion has been found to be an important contributor in light heavy-ion (A 20) induced reactions even at slightly above barrier energies. Purpose: For better insight into the dynamics of incomplete fusion, the onset and influence of incomplete fusion need to be investigated in terms of projectile energy (E lab ) and entrance channel mass-asymmetry (μ A ). A rich set of experimental data on incomplete fusion may be useful to correlate the probability of incomplete fusion with the various entrance channel parameters and eventually to develop a theoretical model code for the same. Presently, there is no theoretical model available which can explain low-energy incomplete fusion data consistently. Methods: The excitation functions of complete and incomplete fusion residues populated in the 13 C+ 169 Tm system have been measured using the recoil-catcher activation technique followed by offline γ spectroscopy. The evaporation residues have been identified on the basis of characteristic γ lines and confirmed through the decay-curve analysis. Results: The excitation functions of xn and pxn channels are found to be in good agreement with the statistical model code PACE4; this suggests the population of these channels via complete fusion. Some residues are found to have a contribution from their higher charge isobar precursor decay. The precursor contribution has been deduced from the cumulative cross section using the standard successive radioactive decay formulations. The excitation functions of α-emitting channels are observed to be significantly enhanced as compared to the statistical model code PACE4. This enhancement may be attributed to the contribution from incomplete fusion. The incomplete fusion strength function for 13 C+ 169 Tm is compared with that obtained in the 12 C+ 169 Tm system. It has been found that the one-neutron (1n) excess projectile 13 C (as compared to 12 C) results in a less incomplete fusion contribution due to its relatively large negative alpha-Q value. Recently proposed "alpha-Q-value systematics" seems to explain incomplete fusion data.
Excited states of the neutron-rich nuclei97;99 Rb were populated for the first time using the multistep Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams. Comparisons of the results with particle-rotor model calculations provide clear identification for the ground-state rotational band of 97 Rb as being built on the πg 9=2 ½431 3=2 þ Nilsson-model configuration. The ground-state excitation spectra of the Rb isotopes show a marked distinction between single-particle-like structures below N ¼ 60 and rotational bands above. The present study defines the limits of the deformed region around A ∼ 100 and indicates that the deformation of 97 Rb is essentially the same as that observed well inside the deformed region. It further highlights the power of the Coulomb-excitation technique for obtaining spectroscopic information far from stability. The 99 Rb case demonstrates the challenges of studies with very short-lived postaccelerated radioactive beams. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.172501 PACS numbers: 27.60.+j, 23.20.Lv, 25.70.De, 29.38.-c The spherical symmetry of atomic nuclei is well established for the cases where both the proton (Z) and neutron (N) numbers are near magic numbers. Most atomic nuclei, however, have nonspherical shapes. The best-known and well-studied region of prolate-deformed nuclei is the "rare-earth region," centered between 50 < Z < 82 and 82 < N < 126. A less known region of deformed nuclei, which is predicted to show even larger deformations [1], is centered around mass 100 (A ∼ 100) between the 28 < Z < 50 and 50 < N < 82 major shells. These nuclei are neutron rich, and well away from the valley of stability, so they are challenging to study experimentally.The A ∼ 100 prolate-deformed Sr-Zr region (Z ¼ 38; 40) has attracted considerable attention since its prediction [2] and experimental observation [3]. Spectroscopic studies of these neutron-rich nuclei were undertaken at on-line mass separators and by γ-ray spectroscopy in spontaneous fission [4][5][6]. A key feature is the sudden onset of deformation when progressing from neutron number N ¼ 58 to N ¼ 60. However, the abrupt change of the deformation quickly washes out when moving away from Z ¼ 38 [4].Nuclei at the border of this deformed region, in which the addition or the removal of a single nucleon results in a large shape change, hold the key to its understanding. Tracking
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