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Background:: Many herbal drugs have been found to possess oral insulin mimetic property as evidenced from the literature. Although, to date there is no efficient, synthetic orally active insulin-mimetic drug available clinically. Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) may help in the development of such agents through Pharmacophore modeling. Objective:: The present work is aimed at the In-silico designing of Pharmacophore that defines the structural requirements of a molecule to possess oral insulin-mimetic properties. Methods:: A set of 16 orally active insulin-mimetic natural compounds available through literature was used to develop a structure-based pharmacophore in a “three-step filtration process” comprised of Lipinski’s rule of 5, Minimum binding energy with the receptor and Ghose filter to the Lipinski’s rule for oral bioavailability of the drugs. The selected ligands were docked with phosphorylated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in complex with peptide substrate and ATP analog (PDB ID: 1IR3) using Autodock 4.2 and their interaction with the receptor was analyzed followed by the generation of shared and merged feature pharmacophore by Ligandscout 4.2.1. Results:: There are three important structural features that contribute to interaction with the active site of the insulin receptor: these are hydrogen bond donor groups, hydrogen bond acceptor groups and hydrophobic interactions. It is important to note that positive or negative ionizable groups or the presence of aromatic rings are not important for the activity. Conclusion:: Taking a clue from the developed pharmacophore, one may design new lead having necessary groups required for the insulin-mimetic activity that can be elaborated synthetically to get a series of compounds with possible oral insulin-mimetic activity.

Background: COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome that has become a prominent source of morbidity and mortality around the world. With millions infected globally by the COVID-19 epidemic, long-term care for COVID-19 survivors has become a global concern. As a result, research into the long-term pulmonary and extrapulmonary consequences and complications of COVID is absolutely necessary. Purpose of study: In an attempt to better understand and mitigate the post recovery mortality, early detection of the post recovery complication might prevent the severity of the complication and can be recovered. As per cases reported, post covid extrapulmonary complications were more than pulmonary complications. However, the post covid pulmonary complications were found to be more lethal and nonrecoverable on most of the cases than extrapulmonary complications. Method: Method: The present review is an attempt to reveal the role and importance of biomarkers associated with critical post covid pulmonary complications. COVID-19 is associated with post-covid pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary mucormycosis, biomarkers and WHO, as keywords were used to retrieve updated information. PubMed, and Google Scholar were used as search engines for this. Result: There must be a better knowledge of the post-COVID-19 pulmonary problems in terms of systemic pathophysiological results to create multidisciplinary clinics to address both long-term symptoms and potential long-term consequences. This can be achieved by revealing the molecular pathogenesis that can be validated by certain biomarkers and various diagnostic techniques. Accordingly, the clinical program can be designed to treat and effectively manage the post covid pulmonary complications in early-stage to prevent mortality. Conclusion: Conclusion: In order to deal with the specific logistical problems given by pandemic circumstances, effective interdisciplinary collaboration models draw on experiences learned during the early phases of the pandemic.

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