Background: Multiple Myeloma (M.M) is a neoplasm of B cell lineage characterized by excessive proliferation of abnormal plasma cells, secreting abnormal immunoglobulin causing monoclonal gammopathy which can be detected by the presence of M protein in serum and urine electrophoresis. Aim:To detect and quantify monoclonal gammopathy in sus pected cases of multiple myeloma and to differentiate them from benign conditions, because of the vast difference between their prognosis and management.Method: Serum samples from 150 suspected cases of M.M were subjected to serum protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strip. M band detected visually and estimation of M protein was done by densitometer. Bone Marrow biopsy and clinical profile were correlated in M band positive cases.Result: Out of 150 cases 10.66% cases had monoclonal gammopathy. Ten percent cases were diagnosed to be multiple myeloma and one case was found to be Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Conclusion:SPEP is an easy to perform laboratory test which can be used for detection and quantification of monoclonal gammopathy and should be recommended as preliminary test for suspected cases of multiple myeloma. MGUS must be differentiated from M.M, as management and prognosis of these two cases is totally different.

No abstract

In chronic renal failure there is a steady and continued decrease in renal clearance or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which leads to the gathering of urea, creatinine and other waste metabolites in the blood. Haemodialysis is considered as a good therapeutic option in the context of the renal replacement therapies in which different body waste products including urea, creatinine and free water are removed from the blood. In view of that, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of haemodialysis on different renal biochemical parameter in CRF patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital based study including 84 chronic renal failure patients on haemodialysis attending a tertiary care hospital in Bihar. Blood samples were collected before and four hours after haemodialysis and serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, sodium and calcium were estimated. Results: Our results revealed that there was significant decrease in the serum level of urea, creatinine, uric acid and potassium in post dialysis samples with p-value (<0.001, 0.001 0.003 and 0.001) respectively when compared to pre dialysis samples, while showed significant increase of sodium and calcium level in post dialysis samples with p-value (<0.004 and 0.005) Conclusion: The Study concludes that, haemodialysis increase serum sodium and calcium level and decrease serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and potassium level.