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Some seaweed has been used as an important source of commercial application of phycocolloids, agar, and alginate consequently some seaweeds have also been utilized as food and food ingredients due to their high nutritive compositions such as carbohydrates, protein, lipid, amino acids, fatty acids, fibre and minerals. In different countries, including India, seaweeds are gradually taking place as food items in the market, so their biochemical components analysis will decipher their nutritional implications. In this investigation, total 33 species of seaweeds were collected from the southeast coast of India and analyzed for their biochemical composition such as carbohydrate including glucose and starch, protein and lipid. The carbohydrate content varied from 15.20 ± 0.69 mg/gm dry weight (Padina boergesenii) to 97.69 ± 2.3 mg/gm dry wt (Gracilaria edulis). The carbohydrate content of red seaweeds was comparably higher than green and brown seaweeds. The protein content was minimum in Cystoseira indica (76.23 ± 0.21 mg/gm dry wt) and maximum in Amphiroa anceps (96.06 ± 0.95 mg/gm dry wt) and lipid content was comparatively high in Valoniopsis pachynema (82.33 ± 2.51 mg/gm dry wt) and Caulerpa racemosa (81.06 ± 0.37 mg/gm dry wt). The glucose content was high in Digenea simplex (0.78 ± 0.004 mg/gm dry wt) followed by Laurencia papillosa (0.61 ± 0.08 mg/gm dry wt) likewise starch content was also high in Digenea simplex (0.72 ± 0.01 mg/gm dry wt) and Laurencia papillosa (0.54 ± 0.00 mg/gm dry wt). From this study, it was concluded that the above mentioned seaweeds will be used as food after further more detailed analysis of the other biochemical components.

Nanoparticles are recognizing for their applications in various fields of medical sciences and they are also under safety concern. The effects of metals nanoparticles on environment is not yet completely known to us, but some of the study had been elaborated the toxic effects of metal nanoparticles to the environment both aquatic and terrestrial as well as human healths. So, eco-friendly green synthesized nanoparticles are now leading our interest for biosafety purpose. The aqueous solution of brown seaweed (Sargassum cinctum) had been utilized for green synthesized of Silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles were formed due to the reduction of silver nitrate to aqueous silver ions in the presence of seaweed extract. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The biochemical compositions such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and starch were estimated for the mentioned species according to standard methods and the total phenol, in-vitro antioxidant activity and free radicals DPPH scavenging activities were also estimated. The phytotoxicity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated by studying its effect on seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus, one of the important vegetable items in Indian market.

Heavy metals pollution is a leading problem in aquatic environment. Many expensive techniques have been applied to treat seawater for removal of heavy metals. Heavy metals remediation by seaweeds is less cost-effective and eco-friendly method. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the trace metals accumulation by different parts (Foliage like part, Stem like part and reproductive part) of two species of Turbinaria such as Turbinaria decurrens and Turbinaria ornata collected from Olaikuda, southeast coast of India. This is the first time study to estimate of heavy metals content of different parts Turbinaria decurrens and Turbinaria ornata to find the specific area which is mainly responsible for accumulation of high amount of heavy metals. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) was used to estimate the trace metals content .This work reveals that the foliage part (leave like structure) and reproductive part of both species are accumulating highest amount of Pb, Cd, As, Fe and Cr. Turbinaria spp. are not edible for its quite hard and thorny morphological structure, but as they are accumulating heavy metals in high amount expectedly, both species will be utilized for removal of heavy metals from polluted area as bioremediator. From this study, it is concluded that both of the Turbinaria sp. will be used as bio-indicator of heavy metals pollution in the marine environment.